华北农牧交错区饲用玉米覆膜和施氮的效应研究.docVIP

华北农牧交错区饲用玉米覆膜和施氮的效应研究 杜 雄1,2，边秀举1,2，张维宏3，杨福存1,2，张立峰1,2 （1河北农业大学农学院，保定 071001；2农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站，张家口 076450； 3河北农业大学植物保护学院，保定 071001） 摘要：【目的】针对华北农牧交错区饲草量少质差的现实问题，研究了生物产量较高的饲用玉米覆膜和施氮的效应，以生产高产优质节水饲草。【方法】采用田间试验与室内样品分析相结合的方法。【结果】覆膜使饲用玉米干物质增产23.8%，且显著地促进了玉米对氮素的吸收，提高了氮素的表观利用率与产投比，植株粗蛋白的含量增加，有效地改善了其营养品质；覆膜改变了玉米田的耗水时序规律，水分利用效率提高了10%以上。施氮实现了饲用玉米的生物产量与营养品质协同增长，且营养成分的增幅（含量和产量）成倍于生物产量的增幅，施氮在提高饲用玉米生物产量36.1%～39.5%的情况下，植株中粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量分别提高了109%和145%，产量提高了160%和210%；裸地施氮量约200 kg·ha-1、膜地不超过300 kg·ha-1是兼顾玉米高产优质和土壤速效氮平衡的施用量。【结论】饲用玉米覆膜和施氮是华北农牧交错区发展高产优质节水饲草，缓解草畜矛盾，促进区域生态恢复和经济发展的有效技术措施。 关键词：华北农牧交错区；饲用玉米；地膜覆盖；施氮 Effects of Plastic-film Mulching and Nitrogen Application on Forage Maize in the Agriculture-Animal Husbandry Ecotone of North China DU Xiong1,2, BIAN Xiu-ju1,2, ZHANG Wei-hong3, YANG Fu-cun1,2, ZHANG Li-feng1,2 （1College of Agronomy, Agriculture University of Hebei, Baoding 071001; 2Zhangbei Agricultural Resource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhangjiakou 076450; 3College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001） Abstract: 【Objective】To counter the actual problem of forage shortage and bad quality existing in the agriculture–animal husbandry ecotone of North China, a research was conducted to study the effects of plastic-film mulching and nitrogen fertilizer application to productive forage maize. This was done with the aim of producing high yield, good quality and saving water forage. 【Method】Field experiment in combining with laboratory experimental estimation and analysis was adopted. 【Result】Plastic-film mulching increased the dry biomass of forage maize by 23.8% and improved the forage maize nitrogen absorption capability effectively so that the apparent utilization ratio and output-input ratio of nitrogen were enhanced. It increased the contents of crude protein in maize plant and thus forage nutritive quality was