句子的结构.docVIP

句子的成份 总的说来，句子皆由两大部分组成，一是主语部分、一是谓语部分如：The People’s Republic of China was born in1949.但句子成份比句子的两大部分更加具体明确，可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分等。 一、主语： 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词、或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例：1)A tree has fallen across the road.2)Three is enough.3)To find your way can be a problem.4)Smoking is bad for you. 主语可由一个以上的名（代）词组成，称为并列主语。如：He and I are old friends. 二、谓语 ：说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”、或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词或动词短语。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面保持一致。例：1) Mike hopes to be a doctor .2)His parents are farmers. 3)The plane took off at ten o’clock.4)I had a swim yesterday. 三、表语：说明主语是什么或怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，位于连系动词之后，构成主系表句型。例：1)It’s a pity that we shall be a little late.2)The match is tomorrow .3)We were at home yesterday.4)He became king when he was a child.5)He fell sick. 四、宾语：表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。1) Our team beat all the others.2)Face the facts!3)They won’t hurt us . 4) He likes to make you laugh. 5) He stopped smoking last week. 6) Chris will sing a song for us. She lived a happy life. (同源宾语往往用在不及物动词之后，并往往由定语修饰) 7) No one ever saw him happy. The story made us laugh.(复合宾语) 8）I gave him my address. She made her a scarf. (双宾语) 9） I said it just for fun.（介词亦可有宾语） 五、定语：用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单词作定语时，多位于被修饰词之前；短语和从句作定语时，一般皆置于之后。例： The black bike is mine. We have four lessons in the morning. What’s your name , please? She has a wish to travel around the world. This is a map of China. I would like to have something interesting to read. (形容词修饰不定代词) The car that’s parked outside is mine.（定语从句） 六、状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。状语有三种位置，句首、句中、句末。句末最常见。 I saw her yesterday. He did the work fairly well. Is the room big enough for a party?（enough修饰形容词时置于其） He came specially to see me. 注：(1)时间状语可置句首或句末。有一些表示不定频度的时间词如：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom用作状语时常置于句中。 I will always remember her. They reach home at five o’clock in the evening. (2)地点状语置于时间状语之前：I stayed there for three weeks last year