games,randomnumbersandintroductiontosimplestatistic.pptVIP

Games, Random NumbersandIntroduction to simple statistics PRNG Pseudo Random Number Generator Agenda What is random number(亂數) ? How the random numbers generated ? rand( ) in C languages: Linear Congruential Why call “Pseudo random” ? (P不發音) How to do “true random” ? Application of Rrandom number ? Other topics related to Random numbers Introduction to simple statistics (統計簡介) BATNUM game /basicgames/showpage.php?page=14 An ancient game of two players One pile of match sticks (or stones) Takes turn to remove [1, maxTake] (至少拿 1, 至多拿 maxTake) 可規定拿到最後一個贏或輸 ! Winning strategy ?? Bulls and Cows Game http://5ko.free.fr/en/bk.html /wiki/Bulls_and_cows/zh-hant/%E7%8C%9C%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97/od/paperpencil/a/bulls_and_cows.htm/eng/play/bk.html?/index.php/online-games/bulls-and-cows/index.php NIM Game /wiki/Nim Nim is a two-player mathematical game of strategy in which players take turns removing objects from distinct heaps. On each turn, a player must remove at least one object, and may remove any number of objects provided they all come from the same heap. 可規定拿到最後一個贏或輸 ! Winning strategy ?? What is random number ? Sequence of independent random numbers with a specified distribution such as uniform distribution (equally probable) Actually, the sequence generated is not random, but it appears to be. Sequences generated in a deterministic way are usually called Pseudo-Random sequences. Turbo C++ 的 rand( )與srand( ) #define RAND_MAX 0x7fffu static unsigned long seed=0; int rand( ) { seed = seed * 1103515245 + 12345; return seed % (RAND_MAX+1); } void srand(int newseed) { seed = newseed; } Unix 上 gcc 的 rand( )與srand( ) #define RAND_MAX 0x7fffffffu static unsigned long seed=0; int rand( ) { seed = seed * 1103515245 + 12345; return seed % (RAND_MAX+1); } void srand(int newseed) { seed = newseed; } Random N