肥料发展与科学施用探讨.docVIP

肥料发展与科学施用探讨 湖北省黄冈市土壤肥料工作站 胡 政 权 摘要：论述了肥料现状、产业的发展趋势以及使用过量对农业生态环境质量的负面影响，提出从肥料生产及科学施肥等方面防治环境污染的对策。认为过量施用化肥引起土壤酸化和结构破坏、重金属污染、水域污染、空气污染和农产品品质下降，严重影响人类生存环境，肥料生产必须向优质高效方向发展，提高有效养分含量，减少附属有害物质含量，采用缓释、控释技术提高肥料利用率，从源头上减少有害物质的投入。在肥料的使用过程中，大力推广测土配方施肥，采用科学的施肥方法提高肥料利用率，增施有机肥，提高土壤保水保肥能力，避免盲目过量肥料投入引起资源浪费与环境污染，在肥料利用率、作物产量、产品品质、经济效益、生态环境之间寻求平衡，实现农业可持续发展。 关键词：肥料；土壤；作物；污染；安全；对策 Fertilizer development and science employment discussion ZHENG Quan-hu Soil and Fertilizer Workstation Huanggang City, Hubei Province Abstract: Elaborated the fertilizer present situation, the industrial trend of development as well as the use excessive to the agriculture ecological environment quality negative influence, proposed that applies fertilizer and so on aspects from the fertilizer production and the science to prevent and control the environmental pollution the countermeasure. Thought that the excessive employment chemical fertilizer causes the soil acidification and the disarrangement of the structure, the heavy metal pollution, the water pollution, the air pollution and the agricultural product quality drops, the serious influence humanity living environment, the fertilizer production must develop to the high quality highly effective direction, raises the available nutrient content, reduces the attached deleterious substance content, uses the slow release, to control releases the technology to raise the fertilizer use factor, reduces the deleterious substance from the source the investment. In the fertilizer use process, promotes vigorously measured that the earth formula applies fertilizer, uses the science to apply fertilizer the method to raise the fertilizer use factor, increases executes the organic fertilizer, improve soil ability to retain water and nutrients, avoids the blind excessive fertilizer investment causing the resources waste and the environmental pollution, between the fertilizer use factor, the crop output, the product quality, the economic efficiency, the ecological environ