【2017年整理】铅酸蓄电池的寿命1.doc

摘要 影响铅酸蓄电池寿命的因素是多方面的，包括电池的内在因素，如蓄电池结构、正负极板栅材料、正负极活性物质、隔板、电解液浓度等，也取决于一系的外在因素，如放电电流密度、温度、放电深度、维护状况和贮存时间等。放电度越深，使用寿命越短。过充电也会使寿命缩短。随着酸浓度增加，电池寿命降低。在大容量铅酸蓄电池研究过程中我们发现铅绒短路是造成蓄电池性能下降并失效的重要原因。此外正极板栅的腐蚀变形、正极活性物质脱落、软化、不可逆硫酸盐化、锑在活性物质上的严重积累都是影响蓄电池寿命的关键因素。 为了防止正极板栅腐蚀，研制了多元低锑合金。这种多元合金的耐腐蚀性大幅度提高。负极板栅采用镀铅铜拉网。铜板栅重量与活性物质之比为1：3，蓄池的比能量得到显著提高。而且由于铜板栅负极电性能好，充电接受能力强，提了蓄电池充放电循环寿命。在正负极活性物质中加入添加剂，提高活性物质利用率，延长使用寿命。为了防止铅绒短路采取了全面的防短路措施。采用了高性能的板和一系列的新装配工艺。 关键词：铅酸蓄电池 寿命 正极 负极 隔板AbstractThe factors afecting the life of the lead-acid battery are all aspects not only including the internal matters，such as the construction of the battery,the positive and of grid alloy,the performance of active material，the density of the electrolyte and so on，but also a series of external matters，for example the density of discharge current，the temperature，the depth of discharge，the status of maintenance and the time of storage．More charging and high density of the electrolyte will reduce the life．We find that the short current caused by Pb—fuzz is the mo st important reason that causes the battery performance decrease，and result in the battery failure at last．In addition，the corrosion of positive grid，the active material softening and shedding，irreversible sulphatation and the deposit of metal Sb on the negative electrode are also the important factors on the life of the battery In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the positive grid，a new low Sb alloy was prepared，the corrosion·resistance of the alloy has been distinctly improved．The negative grid was made using copper plating Pb grid，and weight proportion of negative copper grid and the active material is 1：3．The measures improve greatly the energy densit5 the conductivity and the charge—discharge performance of the battery．To improve the efficiency of active material and extend the life of battery,new additives were added in the battery．Prevention measure was used to avoid short current of Pb—fuzz．A high performance separator and a series of new as