整理美国文学史知识点.docVIP

整理 美国文学史知识点 16individualism. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout member of the Church of England. Harvard College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in 1639. American Puritan Beliefs Covenant: original sin; total depravity; faith in predestination; limited atonement; American Puritan Values (Puritanism): hard work; thrift; piety; sobriety; Mayflower Compact was a civil covenant designed to allow the temporal state to serve the godly citizen. The fist writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of the early settlements. William Bradford used a word “Pilgrims” to describe the community of believers who sailed from Southampton England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620. (The English Puritans who went to America in 1620 and founded the colony of Plymouth, Mass. were called the Pilgrim Fathers.) In 1620, William Bradford was elected Governor of Plymouth, Mass. From 1621 until his death, William Bradford probably possessed more power than any other colonial governor. William Bradford’s work consists of two books. The first book deals with the persecution of the Separatists, England, the second book describes the signing of the “Mayflower Compact”. Roger Williams was a staunch fighter for freedom and democracy and his The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience attacked religious conformity and upheld the spiritual freedom of the individual. The American poets who emerged in the 17th century adapted the style of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment. Anne Bradstreet was one such poet. Jonathan Edwards’s Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of 19th century Transcendentalism. American Revolution/ War of Independence (1776-1783) 18th century – Age of Reason and Enlightenment Deism/Unitarianism Before 1750 the American newspaper were cultural and literary in nature