英语词语中的文化差异专用课件.pptVIP

Lecture 10 Diversities of Culture as Reflected in Words 词语中的文化差异 1．Cultural Connotations of Words 词语的文化内涵 Image and culture 形象与文化 He is a professional. (a boxer) She is a professional. (a prostitute) It is important to mention that language differences are not only differences in the code itself, but in the semantic meanings attributed to these different encodings by language-using communities. It is these meanings that make the linguistic sign into a cultural sign. （是词义把语言符号变成文化符号） Cultural associations: Chinese: 风，月，江，湖，鹊，梅，菊，红豆 English: sea, castle, shepherd, rose, day dream, gentleman 风月 (wind and moon) love affairs 江湖 (rivers and lakes) all corners of the country live a vagrant life 流落江湖 tramp from place to place to make a living 走江湖 swindler 江湖骗子 quack 江湖医生 Magpie 鹊 喜鹊登梅、鹊桥、报喜 A person who chatters.多嘴者 菊 chrysanthemum a symbol of longevity Fr. in funeral day dream 白日作梦– pleasant thoughts, hope, wish, idea gentleman绅士，君子 perfect man moral man 成双特点的爱情喻体 中国– 双飞燕、鸳鸯(mandarin duck)、比翼鸟（inseparable king bird)、双鹤(twin crane)、双鱼(Pisces )、双飞彩凤(budgerigar) 、鱼与水、花与蝶、并蒂莲、连理枝(joint branches) 、并蒂花(two lotus flowers on one stalk) 、连理木、双葩(twin flowers)、胶与漆(glue and lacquer)、针与线、糠与米(chaff and rice)、牵牛织女星(Vega)、形与影 西方– 雌雄斑鸠 （culver）、并蒂樱桃（cherry）、鱼和水 动物喻体 中国--- 燕、蜜蜂、春蚕(silkworm)、猴子、角鹿（horn dear）、蜘蛛（spider）、寒鸦(jackdaw ) 西方 --- 天鹅(swan)、云雀（lark）、冬燕(winter swallow)、鹰(eagle)、小鸟、萤火虫(firefly)、知了(cicada)、猫头鹰(owl)、蜗牛(snail)、狗、耗子、蛇 What images do you think the following animals stand for? Fox He is a fox. 他是只狐狸。（cunning） 象狐狸一样狡猾 as cunning as a fox / a dead pig Pig: C—foolish, lazy，fat E—dirty, ugly, smart Cat She is a cat. 她是只猫。 (malicious包藏祸心) He is a fat cat. (a wealthy and highly privileged person有钱有势的人) Dog E – neutral word C – (with derogatory sense) 如：走狗 / 看家狗 / 癞皮狗 / 痛打落水狗 / 狗东西 / 狗腿子 / 狗胆包天 / 狼心狗肺 / 狗急跳墙 / 狗血喷头 / 狐群狗党 / 狗头军师 狗嘴里吐不出象牙 --- No decent words can come out of filthy mouth. 走狗 --- running dog? cat’s paw Dog get the