英国文学史及选读课件6_The_Period_of_Revolution_and_Restoration专用课件.pptVIP

THE 17TH CENTURY 1. Historical Background: The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous（动乱的 ）periods in English history. Absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism in England. The kings believed in the theory of the divine right of kings（君权神授）, the people’s parliament represented by the puritans believed in the divine right of the individual conscience（个人判断是非的神圣权利）. There were long struggles mainly between the people’s parliament and the throne. The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie（中产阶级 ） resulted in a great revolution which had a deep influence upon English literature at that time. 2. Literary Characteristics: a. The puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art. (The puritans believed in simplicity of life and disapproved of the sonnets and love poetry written in previous period.) b. The flourish of the metaphysical school（玄学派） endowed poetry new and startling forms. c. Restoration（复辟时期）created a literature of its own that was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical. d. The French influence is most marked in the drama. The rimed couplets took the place of blank verse.（押韵的对句取代了无韵诗） 3. *Representative writers: John Donne（约翰?邓恩): a poet of the metaphysical school John Milton(约翰·弥尔顿) : a great poet and prose writer John Bunyan(约翰·班扬 ) : a prose writer II. John Donne (1573-1631) 1. His Life 邓恩是十七世纪英国玄学派诗人，为T·S艾略特特别推崇，于其中布罗茨基和这位久远年代的异国诗人 . 年来,学者们对约翰 邓恩 (1572~1631)的兴趣大增,尤其是现代派诗人艾略特对他更是推崇备至。邓恩曾就读于牛津和剑桥两所学校，但未获任何学位。尽管他从其父处继承了一笔钱，但远远不能使他经济上获得自立。他不善经商，不得不以另一种途径在这个世界上立足。他只得依靠智慧、幽默、情趣、学识、勇敢以及别人的恩惠。他广泛阅读了神学、医学、法律和古典著作，因此在写作中，他有时显示出其不凡的学识、机智和幽默。 邓恩曾在欧洲大陆游历。也曾是宫廷中潇洒倜傥、前途无量的绅士。1598年，他被任命为伊丽莎白宫廷中最重要的一位爵士的私人秘书。他的仕途似乎一片光明。邓恩也能够逢迎那些达官贵人。但是1601年，他的人生出现了重大转折。他与一位17岁少女秘密结婚，由此毁了自己的大好仕途。二人虽婚姻美满，但他上层的朋友们对他耿耿于怀，不肯原谅他。那们爵士解除了邓恩的职务，并命人逮捕、拘禁了他。获释后，邓恩不得不干各种差使，以供养妻儿。30多岁的邓恩已风光不再，他疾病缠身，穷困潦倒，郁郁不乐。 2. Literary position: the founder of the * Metaphysical School (It refers