柴油机的维修保养方法与节油技巧.doc

柴油机维修保养的技巧与方法 Diesel engine repair and maintenance methods and techniques of 一、保养技巧 One, maintenance skills 1、柴油发动机的“飞车”现象及应急措施 “飞车”或超速是发动机特有的一种现象。“飞车”时柴油机转速失去控制，而且越来越快，以至超过允许的最高转速并伴随有巨大声响，严重时导致机件损坏报废。引起“飞车”主要原因有两方面：一是喷油泵调速器本身的故障，使其丧失了正常的调整特性；另一方面是柴油机调速特性的改变，其特征是喷油泵调速器本身没有故障，而柴油机在运转过程中有额外柴油或机油进入燃烧室燃烧。发生“飞车”现象应采取紧急措施，发动机转速高到一定程度时会发生故障。制止超速的紧急措施有： In 1, diesel engine flying car phenomenon and its emergency measures coaster or speeding is a peculiar phenomenon of engine. Runaway diesel engine speed is out of control, but also more and more quickly, and exceed the maximum allowed speed and with a great noise, leading to severe damage to parts scrapped. Runaway due to two main reasons : one is the fault of fuel injection pump governor itself, that the loss of the normal adjustment characteristics; on the other hand, is a diesel engine speed regulation characteristic changes, its characteristic is the injection pump governor itself has no fault, and the diesel engine during the operation process with additional diesel oil or engine oil from entering the combustion chamber combustion. Runaway phenomenon should take emergency measures, at high engine speeds to a certain extent will malfunction. To stop speeding emergency measures: （1）迅速将加速踏板收回到停车位置。　 (1) rapidly accelerating pedal back in the parking position. （2）有减速装置的，迅速将减压手柄拉到停油位置（或减压位置）。 (2) a deceleration device, rapid decompression handle is pulled to stop oil position (or reducing position ). （3）及时挂入高速挡，踏下制动踏板，缓抬离合器，使发动机熄火。 (3) to hang into high gear, depress the brake pedal, slowly release the clutch, the engine flameout. （4）迅速断开高压油管，停止供油。 (4) quickly disconnect the high pressure oil pipe, oil supply stop. （5）迅速用衣服包紧空气滤清器，使发动机断气熄火。 (5) quickly with a clothes bag air filter, so that the engine expiration blowout. 以上五步简称“减速、减压、制动、断气”。 The five steps above referred to as the reduction, decompression, brake, die. 2、柴油机各缸工作情况检查方法 In 2, the cylinders of diesel engine working condition inspection method （1）听音法：