11.languageChange专用课件.pptVIP

?lfred kyning hatee gretan W?rfere biscep his wordum luflice ond freondlice ondee cyean hate, e?t me com swiee oft on gemynd, hwelce wiotan iu w?ron giond Angelcynn ?geer ge godcundra hada ge woruldcundra, ond hu ges?lilica tida ea w?ron giond Angelcynn. Historical Linguistics, by Herbert Schendl Excerpt from “Canterbury Tales” Bifel that, in that seson on a day,In Southwerk, at the Tabard, as I layRedy to wenden on my pilgrimageTo Canterbury with ful devout corage, … Geoffrey Chaucer Language Change 语言的变化 TEM8 Sample Test The word holiday originally meant holy day; but now the word signifies any day on which we don’t have to work. This is an example of _______. A. meaning shift B. widening of meaning C. narrowing of meaning D. loss of meaning Three periods of the English Language Old English (450AD—1100AD) when the first Germanic tribes began to settle in England. Middle English (1100—1475) during the Norman Conquest. Modern English (1475— ) Beowulf , written in Old English sometime before the tenth century A.D., describes the adventures of a great Scandinavian warrior of the sixth century. Geoffrey Chaucer (born 1340/44, died 1400) is remembered as the author of The Canterbury Tales, which ranks as one of the greatest epic works of world literature. Chaucer made a crucial contribution to English literature in using English at a time when much court poetry was still written in Anglo-Norman or Latin. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was a playwright in England. All languages change with time Sound change Morphological and syntactic change Vocabulary change Sound Change Sound changes tend to be systematic. It is possible to see a regular pattern of pronunciation change throughout the language Morphological and syntactic change Change in ‘agreement’ rule Change in negation rule Change in gender and case systems（simplification) Loss of inflection Change in ‘agreement’ rule Whan that