高中化学无机物程方式汇总.docxVIP

常用元素的相对原子质量H1Cu64He4Ag108C12Au197N14Zn65O16Mg24Na23Hg201Al27I127Si28Ba137P31F19S32Pb207Cl35.5K39Ca40Mn55Fe56§1◆碱金属元素4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+ O2 = Na2O24Na+2O2= 2Na2O2?2Na+S===Na2S（爆炸） 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑Na2O+H2O===2NaOH2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2↑(此反应分两步:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2；　　2H2O2===2H2O+O2.)Na2O+CO2===Na2CO3?2Na2O2+2CO2===2Na2CO3+O2Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+NaCl?NaHCO3+HCl===NaCl+H2O+CO2↑Na2CO3+2HCl===2NaCl+ H2O+ CO2↑2NaHCO3==Na2CO3+ H2O+ CO2↑4Li+ O2 = 2 Li2O?2K+2H2O===2KOH+H2↑NaHCO3 + NaOH== Na2CO3 + H2ONa2CO3+ H2O+ CO2? = 2NaHCO32NaOH+ CO2 (少量)== Na2CO3 + H2ONaOH+ CO2（多量）==??NaHCO3?Na2CO3+ Ca(OH)2=Ca CO3↓+2 NaOH?2NaOH+SO2（少量）===Na2SO3+H2O?? NaOH+SO2（足量）===NaHSO3??NaOH+H2S（足量）===NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S（少量）===Na2S+2H2O?NaOH+HCl===NaCl+H2OCO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)===CaCO3↓+H2O?2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Ca(HCO3)2 Na2O+2HCl===2NaCl+H2O?Na2O+SO3===Na2SO4CaCO3= CaO+CO2↑?MgCO3= MgO+CO2↑2Fe(OH)3= Fe 2O3 + 3H2O??Mg(OH)2= Mg O+ H2OCu(OH)2= Cu O+ H2O??2Al(OH)3= Al 2O3 + 3H2OCaCO3+H2O +CO2=Ca(HCO3)2???2NaOH + CuSO4 ==Cu(OH)2↓+ Na2SO43NaOH + FeCl3 ==== Fe(OH)3↓ + 3NaCl§2卤族元素Cl2+Cu2 ==Cu Cl23Cl2+2Fe==2FeCl3Cl2+2 Na ==?2Na ClCl2 + H2 ==2HCl3Cl2 +2 P ==2PCl3?Cl2 + PCl3==PCl5Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClOCl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2OCl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3Ca(ClO)2+H2O+ CO2(少量)== Ca CO3↓+2 HClOCa(ClO)2+2H2O+ 2CO2(过量)== Ca(HCO3)2　+2 HClOCa(ClO)2+2 HCl == Ca Cl2+2 HClO（强酸制弱酸） 2HClO==2HCl+O2↑F2 + H2 === 2HF2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2Br2 + H2 === 2H Br(500oC)?I2 + H2==2HI2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2?Cl2 +2 K I ===2 K Cl+I2? HCl + AgNO3 === AgCl↓+ HNO3?Br2 +2 K I ===2 K Br+I2? 4HCl(浓)+MnO2==MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2OHCl + AgNO3 === AgCl↓ + HNO3???HCl + AgNO3 =AgCl↓（白色）+HNO3NaBr+AgNO3 = AgBr↓（浅黄色）+NaNO3NaI + AgNO3 === AgI↓(黄色)+ Na NO3 2AgBr==2Ag＋Br2(AgCl、AgI类似)??Na2SO3+ H2O +Cl2== Na2SO4 +2HClHClO+ H2O＋SO2 = H2SO4+HCl§3氧族元素H2 + S==H2S2Na + S==Na2SFe + S==FeS2Cu + S==Cu2S S + O2==SO22H2O2 ==?2H2O+ O2↑H2S ==?H2 + S2H2S+SO2==3S↓+2H2O2H2S + O2 （少量）==2H2O + 2SH2S + CuSO4=CuS↓+ H2SO4SO2 + H2O ==H2SO3SO2 + 2NaOH=Na2SO3 + H2ONa2SO3 + H2O