湖北工业大学课程论文.docVIP

摘 要 随着社会经济的高速增长，在城市人口高速增长的同时，城市居民出行量迅速提高，造成交通拥挤。而城市公共交通系统的顺畅与否直接影响着城市经济运行的效率和居民生活的质量。我国目前的城市公交车辆调度方法普遍落后：一方面造成居民乘车过于拥挤，候车时间过长；而另一方面造成公交公司有限的资源大量浪费。在这种前提下，探索城市公共交通车辆优化调度方法对提高现有城市公共交通的效率具有重要的现实指导意义。 城市公交车调度问题是指根据城市中某条公交线路各个时段的客流信息，确定此条线路各个时段的发车次数和发车间隔，最后制定出优化的发车时刻表，用以指挥安排公交车辆的运营。公交车调度问题是一个双目标问题，既要考虑公交公司利益，又要考虑乘客利益，公司利益表现为减少总发车次数和提高车辆满载率，乘客利益表现为减少平均候车时间和提高乘车舒适度。 本文针对此问题，依据动态规划理论，研究建立了一个公交车调度的动态规划模型，同时给出了该模型的评价指标。并通过实例对模型进行了验证，实验结果表明，该模型是有效的。 本文首先分析了国内外城市公交车调度的现状，指出了我国公交车调度存在的问题。在此基础上，提出了本课题研究的主要内容和方法以及研究的意义。 然后阐述了动态规划理论的基本原理和基本思想，介绍了动态规划的基本概念和基本方程，提出了应用动态规划的前提条件。 接着本文对公交车调度问题进行分析和简化处理，并给出合理的假设。在这些假设的基础上逐步深入分析，根据动态规划理论，设计出公交车辆调度的动态规划模型。 最后对设计的动态规划模型进行实例检验，并对模型结果给予分析和评价。检验结果表明，该动态规划模型是有效的。 关键词：公共交通，公交车调度，动态规划，曲线拟合 Abstract With the high speed growth of both social economy and urban population, the demand of urban citizen for travel in the same city is increasingly growing, which usually exceeds the supply of public traffic’s capacity, and results in severe traffic crowding. How to solve this problem is important to each country, especially to the developing country. At present, the method of the bus scheduling in our country is poor. So it is more wise and more realistic to try improving the level of the bus scheduling. The bus scheduling problem presented in this paper is concerned with compiling an optimal timetable based on the passenger demands in different time ranges. The problem contains two objectives, which are conflict. One is to minimize the headway, which concerns the passengers’ waiting times. Another is to minimize the number of trips, which concerns the operational cost of a bus company. This paper, on the basis of passenger-flow of an urban route, applies the theory of Dynamic Programming to the bus scheduling system and establishes a Dynamic Programming model on the route that has been finally given an example to test. First of all，this paper reviews the history of development of urban public traffic both in China and in other countries, analyzes