201107008-二次喷油在解决直喷汽油机冷启动排放中的应用3供参习.docVIP

二次喷油优化直喷汽油机冷启动排放特性的研究 刘德新，刘 斌 （天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室，300072，天津） 摘要：研究了一种通过特殊活塞顶面形状结合二次喷射策略，解决直喷汽油机冷启动工况排放问题的新方法。该方法通过适当的二次喷油分配，结合缸内气流运动，来改善燃油混合气的分布，从而改善燃烧稳定性。利用AVL-fire，探讨了不同喷油策略下直喷汽油机启动时缸内油气混合分布，并对不同喷油策略冷启动排放进行了实验研究。结果表明，采用特殊活塞顶面形状进行合理的壁面引导，同时结合二次喷油策略，能够优化直喷汽油机冷启动工况下缸内空燃比分布，形成火花塞附近略浓、周围略稀混合气分布，有利于火花点火及火焰的传播，改善燃烧稳定性，同时可减少燃油湿壁现象，降低HC排放。 关键词：二次喷油；直喷汽油机；活塞顶形状；冷启动；排放控制 Study of Two-stage Injection in Optimizing Cold-start Emission Characteristic of GDI Engine LIU De-xin ；LIU Bin (State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China) Abstract: By introducing two-stage injection combined with special design of piston crown, this paper offers a new solution to the cold start emissions of GDI engine. The strategy used above can improve the distribution of the air-fuel mixture and accordingly improve the combustion stability. The distribution of fuel-air mixture in cylinder on cold start conditions was analyzed by utilizing AVL-FIRE. Then cold-start-exhaust experiment based on different injection strategies was carried out, and the results were analyzed and compared, thus conclusions may be reached: Two-stage injection strategy combined with reasonably guiding the air flow would be able to optimize the distribution of fuel-air ratio in cylinder on cold start condition, improving the characteristics of the spark ignition and the spread speed of the flame front, reducing fuel wetted-wall phenomenon, accordingly improve combustion stability, and reduce the HC emissions. Key words: Two-stage injection; Gasoline direct injection engine; Shape of piston crown; Cold start; Emission control 随着日益严格的排放法规的实施，特别是冷启动和暖机过程被作为实验循环一部分时，这一阶段的排放就成为研究和控制的重点。按照美国联邦测试规程FTP75测试循环，配有三效催化转化器的汽油机80%的HC、CO排放来自冷启动阶段。尽管冷启动过程很短，但是启动过程各项参数，如混合气浓度及温度，燃烧反应程度等及其复杂，导致发动机燃烧不稳定，容易出现失火等不正常燃烧现象，造成大量未燃碳氢生成。而此时由于排气温度低于催化器起燃温度，三效催化转化器还不起作用，因而造成大量的HC排放。 虽然通过推迟点火，发动机会有较多高温流体快速通过催化器，使催化器快速起燃，但这种方法通常会降低发动机燃烧稳定性以及额外增加对冷启动的要求，因此GDI发动机冷启动优化极具有挑战性。 本文针对4G15直喷汽油机，研究了一种通过特殊活塞顶面形状结合二次喷油策略，解决直喷汽油机冷启动工况排放问题的新