液压顺序阀性能实验台的研制.docx

摘要液压与气动传动是研究以有压流体（压缩油或压缩空气）为能源介质，来实现各种机械传动和自动控制的学科。近代液压、气压传动是由19世纪崛起并蓬勃发展的石油工业推动起来的，最早实践成功装置是舰艇上的炮塔转位器，其后才在机床上应用。在20世纪30年代初期和后期在大型自动化工业中引入液压制动。1940年代开始使用拖拉机一增强农机设备的机动性和效率。在第二次世界大战后，液压技术很快转入民用工业。在机床、工程机械、冶金机械、塑料机械。农机机械、汽车、船舶等行业得到了大幅度的应用和发展。随着液压机械自动化程度的不断提高，液压、气动元件应用数量急剧增加，元件小型化、系统集成化是必然的发展趋势。特别是近十年来，液压和启动技术与传感技术、微电子技术密切结合，出现了许多诸多如电液比例控制阀、数字阀、电业伺服液压缸等机（液）电一体化元器件，使液压技术在高压、高速、大功率、节能高效、低噪声、使用寿命长、高度集成化等方面取得了重大进展。现今采用液压传动的程度已成为衡量一个国家工业水平的重要标志。关键字：液压与气动传动民用工业液压系统测试技术ABSTRACTHydraulic and pneumatic transmissions and a discipline that is based on fluid medium energy of compressive fluid (pressure oil or compressive air) to accomplish mechanical transmission and automatic control.Recently hydraulic and pneumatic pressure transmission technology has been developed with a large scale petrolic industry in the 19th,and the barbette displace was the first one successful using hydraulic equipment, and then hydraulic machine tool. The great automotive industry introduced hydraulic brakes in the early thirties and hydraulic transmissions in the late thirties. The tractor industry began using hydraulic in 1940 to increase the flexibility and utility of farm equipment. After the World War Ⅱ ,the hydraulic development turned into civil industry, such as machine tool ,engineering, metallurgy, plastic machine, farm machine, vehicle and watercraft. In more recent years , the role of leadership in hydraulic power application has been taken over larger by some of the large earthmoving and construction equipment manufactures. The total power involved is often greater than that required in even the largest aircraft With the development of higher automation of hydraulic machine and increasing use of hydraulic and pneumatic elements, the scaled elements and integrated system with miniaturization is inevitable. Especially in recent years hydraulic and pneumatic transmission is combined closely with the sensor and micro-electronics technology. It has been emerging amounts of new valves such as hy