江苏省南京市高考英语二轮完形填空基础题1及答案.docVIP

江苏省南京市2016高考英语二轮完形填空基础题（1）及答案 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Learning theorists emphasize the role of environmental influences in shaping the way a person develops.In their view, child development is __36__ by both planned and __37__ learning experiences in the home, peer group, school, and community.Therefore, childhood growth is significantly __38__ by the efforts of parents, teachers, and others to __39__ children in desirable ways.According to learning theories, the same __40__ that explain how people can use a bicycle or computer also explain how children acquire social skills, emotional self-control, reasoning strategies, and the __41__ skills of walking and running. One kind of learning occurs when a child’s actions are __42__ by a reward or punishment.A reward increases the probability that behavior will be repeated.For example, a young child may __43__ draw pictures because she receives praise from her parents after __44__ each one.A punishment decreases the probability that behavior will be repeated.For example, a child who touches a hot stove and burns his fingertips is not __45__ to touch the stove again. __46__ kind of learning, classical conditioning, occurs when a person makes a __47__ association between two events.For example, babies begin sucking when they are put in a familiar nursing __48__, children fear dogs whose barking has startled them in the past.A third kind of learning consists of imitating the __49__ of others.A boy may acquire his father’s __50__ of talking, his mother’s tendency to roll her eyes, and his favorite basketball player’s __51__ on the court.In doing so, he also acquires __52__ about the consequences of these behaviors. Learning theories provide extremely useful ways of understanding how developmental changes in behavior and thinking __53__ and, for some children, why behavior problems arise.These theories can be studied scientifically and practically applied.Critics poin