DNA Replication Mt翻译replication夫人. San Antonio College.pptVIP

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DNA Replication Mt翻译replication夫人. San Antonio College.ppt

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DNA Replication Nucleotides T.H. Morgan Genes are located on chromosomes Transformation (Griffith 1928) Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) Genetic Material Protein or DNA ???? Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types Phages Hershey Chase (1952) Linus Pauling (1948) Alpha Helix Structure Chargaff’s Rule Adenine – Thymine Guanine - Cytosine Watson Crick Maurice Wilkins X-ray diffraction Rosalind Franklin Nucleotides X-ray Data DNA Structure Complimentary Strands Semiconservative Model(Meselson Stahl) Semiconservative Model(Meselson Stahl) Origin of Replication DNA Nucleosides Triphosphates Antiparallel Enzymes DNA Polymerase Helicase Single-strand binding protein Topoisomerase RNA primase Ligase RNA Primer Uses RNA primase to build RNA primer Eventually replaced with DNA by DNA Polymerase DNA Replication Leading and Lagging Strands Leading Strand Built in the 5’-3’ direction Built toward the replication fork Built continuously Uses one RNA Primer Lagging Strand Built in the 5’-3’ direction Built away from the replication fork Built discontinuously using Okazaki fragments Many RNA Primers Overview Proofreading Mismatch Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair (nucleases) End-replication Problem Nucleotides can only be added to 3’ end Leaves gap on leading strand Each replication causes DNA molecule to get smaller Telomeres Telomeres End of DNA strand made up of reoccurring DNA sequence Can be rebuilt with telomerase (only in germ-line cells) * * *