Embryonic Development SchoolWorld an Edline 胚胎发育 schoolworld个Edline.pptVIP

Three stages of labor 1.Dilation of the cervix is the first stage -Cervix reaches full dilation at 10cm Longest stage of labor (6-12 hours or longer) Dilation of the cervix Three stages of labor Expulsion is the second stage Period from full dilation of the cervix to delivery of the infant Uterine contractions occur every 2-3 minutes Mother feels urge to push down with her abdominal muscles Infant is forced down and out of uterus and vagina within a period of 20 minutes Three stages of labor The delivery of the placenta is the final stage of labor Usually occurs within 15 minutes after the birth of the baby The end of the journey! And you think 9 months of Biology is hard! Childbirth is hormonally induced and occurs in three stages Hormones continue to be important after the baby and placenta are delivered Decreasing progesterone and estrogen levels allow the uterus to return to its pre-pregnancy state Oxytocin and prolactin stimulate milk secretion Reproductive technology increases our reproductive options Reproductive technology Hormone therapy can increase sperm or egg production Surgery can correct blocked oviducts Assisted reproductive technology In vitro fertilization (IVF) Surrogate motherhood * * * * * * * Embryonic Development Development: series of orderly, precise steps that transform a zygote into a multicellular embryo ~early stage of development of multicellular organism Includes: 1. cell division 2. cell growth 3. cell differentiation ~changing of unspecialized embryonic cells into specialized cells, tissues, organs Early Embryonic Development Cleavage is the first major phase of embryonic development It is the rapid succession of cell divisions (Mitotic) It creates a multicellular embryo from the zygote NO growth Stages: 1. Morula~solid ball of cells 2.Blastula~ single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel ZYGOTE 2 cells 4 cells 8 cells Many cells(solid ball)