Empirical Evaluation of a Reinforcement Learning Spoken强化学习口语的实证评价.pptVIP

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Empirical Evaluation of a Reinforcement Learning Spoken强化学习口语的实证评价.ppt

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Learning Optimal Strategies for Spoken Dialogue Systems Diane Litman University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA Outline Motivation Markov Decision Processes and Reinforcement Learning NJFun: A Case Study Advanced Topics Motivation Builders of real-time spoken dialogue systems face fundamental design choices that strongly influence system performance when to confirm/reject/clarify what the user just said? when to ask a directive versus open prompt? when to use user, system, or mixed initiative? when to provide positive/negative/no feedback? etc. Can such decisions be automatically optimized via reinforcement learning? Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS) Provide voice access to back-end via telephone or microphone Front-end: ASR (automatic speech recognition) and TTS (text to speech) Back-end: DB, web, etc. Middle: dialogue policy (what action to take at each point in a dialogue) Typical SDS Architecture Reinforcement Learning (RL) Learning is associated with a reward By optimizing reward, algorithm learns optimal strategy Application to SDS Key assumption: SDS can be represented as a Markov Decision Process Key benefit: Formalization (when in a state, what is the reward for taking a particular action, among all action choices?) Reinforcement Learning and SDS debate over design choices learn choices using reinforcement learning agent interacting with an environment noisy inputs temporal / sequential aspect task success / failure Sample Research Questions Which aspects of dialogue management are amenable to learning and what reward functions are needed? What representation of the dialogue state best serves this learning? What reinforcement learning methods are tractable with large scale dialogue systems? Outline Motivation Markov Decision Processes and Reinforcement Learning NJFun: A Case Study Advanced Topics Markov Decision Processes (MDP) Characterized by: a set of states S an agent can be in a set of actions A the agent can take A reward r(a,s) that t