ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETICS JAMES CLERK电、磁学和电磁学的杰姆斯职员.pptVIP

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ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETICS JAMES CLERK电、磁学和电磁学的杰姆斯职员.ppt

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ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETICS JAMES CLERK电、磁学和电磁学的杰姆斯职员

ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETICS: JAMES CLERK MAXWELL: SYMMETRY AND UNIFICATION IN PHYSICS Michael Bass College of Optics and Photonics University of Central Florida Electric charges Since the Greeks rubbed one thing on another. around 700 BC someone was polishing amber with cats fur and noticed that things like straw and feathers were attracted to it. the Greek word for amber is electron –hence electric, electricity, electronics, electron … Was it the amber itself? By 1600 Sir William Gilbert showed that this property of attracting things when rubbed was not a property of amber but was universal. Other stuff showed the same effect. Gilbert also showed that the earth was a magnet. The problem was that no one knew what was being rubbed. Was it a fluid, an essence, or particles? Was the process of rubbing creating whatever was responsible for the effect or was it moving something around? Lightning strikes! Benjamin Franklin showed that the same process as involved in rubbing one thing on another gave rise to lightning. He identified two types of charges and called them positive and negative. The only problem was that he got his signs wrong. The charges that move about are negative not positive charges. Whatever they were, charges were very small. When there were many they could be thought of as resulting in a continuous distribution in or on an object. Later it was found that the smallest increment of free charge that we can find in the universe is that on the electron or 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs. This is a description of things to come - charge was considered quantized early. Quantify and make measurable Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) The law of force between point charges is an inverse square law force. The electrostatic force had the same functional form as Newton’s law of gravity Carl Freidrich Gauss would show this is due to the fact that there are 3 dimensions to space. Introduced a proportionality constant to get the units of for