ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION staff电磁感应工作人员.city.ac.uk.pptVIP

Inductors ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION All conductors that carry a current produce a magnetic field As the magnet is moved in and out of a coil of wire in a closed circuit an induced current will be produced All dynamos and generators produce electricity using this effect Electromagnetic induction takes place when the magnetic field around a conductor changes If the magnetic field is made to change quickly, the size of the current induced is larger INDUCTANCE Inductance is a phenomenon in which a changing current in a circuit builds up a magnetic field which induces an electromotive force either in the same circuit and opposing the current (self-inductance) or in another circuit (mutual inductance) A component designed to introduce inductance into a circuit is called an inductor It is usually in the form of a coil of wire The energy stored in the magnetic field of the coil is proportional to its inductance and the current flowing through it The magnitude of the voltage induced in a coil depends directly on the rate of change of the current through it, where L is the inductance Symbol Unit of inductance is the henry (henries) (H) FUNCTION OF AN INDUCTOR (1) Consider the following circuit Without inductor, the bulb lights up when the switch is closed Light bulb is a resistor – resistance creates heat to make bulb filament glow The coil of wire around a piece of iron in the inductor has a much lower resistance When the is switch closed, the bulb burns brightly, and gets dimmer When the switch is opened, the bulb burns very brightly then quickly goes out FUNCTION OF AN INDUCTOR (2) When current starts flowing in the coil (inductor), the coil wants to build up a magnetic field As the field builds up, the coil inhibits current flow Once the field is built, current flows normally through the wound wire When the switch is opened, the magnetic field around the coil maintains current flow in the coil until the field collapses The current keeps the bulb lit for a p