Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis电子传递与合成.pptxVIP

The Proton-Motive Force Chapter 21 Stryer Short Course Overview Redox reactions Electron transport chain Proton gradient ATP synthesis Shuttles Analogy: How does burning coal put flour in the grocery store? Compartmentalization Chemiosmotic Hypothesis Electron transport is coupled to ATP synthesis through a proton gradient Generation of proton-motive force pH gradient Charge gradient Protonmotive Force Flow of electrons is useless if not coupled to a useful process Battery connected to wire Proton gradient across mitochondrial membrane Experimental Evidence Artificial vesicle Exposure to light generates ATP only with intact membrane Respiratory chain and ATP Synthase are separate, and linked only by proton gradent Problem How did these key experiments support the chemiosmotic theory of Peter Mitchell? The pH of the intermembrane space is lower than the pH of the mitochondrial matrix. Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur in mitochondrial preparations to which detergents have been added. Lipid-soluble compounds inhibit oxidative phosphorylation while allowing electron transport to continue. F0F1 ATP Synthase Machine that couples to ATP synthesis to proton flow Uncouplers used to show link of oxygen uptake and ATP synthesis ATP Synthase (Complex V) Molecular motor Rotor: c, g, e Proton channel Proton Channel Protons enters channel between rotor and stator Rotor rotates to release strain by allowing proton to enter matrix 8- 15 protons = full rotation Species dependent “Stalk” (g) moves inside the“knob”—hexameric ATP synthase Knob held stationary by “b” Hexameric Knob Binding-Change Mechanism Stalk causes ATP synthase to have three different conformations: open, loose, tight In “tight” conformation, energy has been used to cause an energy conformation that favors ATP formation Remember Analogy Fuel?electricity?water pumped uphill?flows down to grind flour But we don’t have bread until flour is transported to where it needs to go! Compartmentalization: Shuttling A