Electrostatics and Coulombs Law UCF Physics静电库仑定律 UCF物理.pptVIP

Electromagnetism Electromagnetism System of Units Electrostatics Chapter 23 Electric Charge Electric Charge 1735 AD du Fay: Two distinct types of electricity 1750 AD Franklin: Positive and Negative Charge 1770 AD Coulomb: “Inverse Square Law” 1890 AD J.J. Thompson: Quantization of electric charge - “Electron” Electric Charge Summary of things we know: There is a property of matter called electric charge. (In the SI system its units are Coulombs.) Charges can be negative (like electrons) or positive (like protons). In matter, the positive charges are stuck in place in the nuclei. Matter is negatively charged when extra electrons are added, and positively charged when electrons are removed. Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. Charges travel in conductors, not in insulators Force of attraction or repulsion ~ 1 / r2 Charge is Quantized q = multiple of an elementary charge e: e = 1.6 x 10-19 Coulombs Coulomb’s Law Gravitational and Electric Forces in the Hydrogen Atom Gravitational and Electric Forcesin the Hydrogen Atom Gravitational and Electric Forces in the Hydrogen Atom Superposition Principle Example: electricity balancing gravity Draw vector force diagram while identifying the forces. Apply Newton’s 3rd Law, for a system in equilibrium, to the components of the forces. Solve! 8 4 4 9 5 5 10 6 5 11 7 5 12 8 6 13 9 6 14 10 7 15 11 8 16 12 9 Electromagnetism is one of the fundamental forces in nature, and the the dominant force in a vast range of natural and technological phenomena ? The electromagnetic force is solely responsible for the structure of matter, organic, or inorganic ? Physics, chemistry, biology, materials science ? The operation of most technological devices is based on electromagnetic forces. From lights, motors, and batteries, to communication and broadcasting systems, as well as microelectronic devices. ? Engineering Electricity Electromagnetism