EE 543 Theory and Principles of Remote SensingEE 543遥感理论和原则.pptVIP

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EE 543 Theory and Principles of Remote SensingEE 543遥感理论和原则.ppt

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EE 542Antennas Propagation for Wireless Communications Topic 3 - Basic EM Theory and Plane Waves Outline EM Theory Concepts Maxwell’s Equations Notation Differential Form Integral Form Phasor Form Wave Equation and Solution (lossless, unbounded, homogeneous medium) Derivation of Wave Equation Solution to the Wave Equation – Separation of Variables Plane waves EM Theory Concept The fundamental concept of em theory is that a current at a point in space is capable of inducing potential and hence currents at another point far away. Introduction to EM Theory The existence of propagating em waves can be predicted as a direct consequence of Maxwell’s equations. These equations satisfy the relationship between the vector electric field, E and vector magnetic field, H in time and space in a given medium. Both E and H are vector functions of space and time; i.e. E (x,y,z;t), H (x,y,z;t.) What is an Electromagnetic Field? The electric and magnetic fields were originally introduced by means of the force equation. In Coulomb’s experiments forces acting between localized charges were observed. There, it is found useful to introduce E as the force per unit charge. Similarly, in Ampere’s experiments the mutual forces of current carrying loops were studied. B is defined as force per unit current. Why not use just force? Although E and B appear as convenient replacements for forces produced by distributions of charge and current, they have other important aspects. First, their introduction decouples conceptually the sources from the test bodies experiencing em forces. If the fields E and B from two source distributions are the same at a given point in space, the force acting on a test charge will be the same regardless of how different the sources are. This gives E and B meaning in their own right. Also, em fields can exist in regions of space where there are no sources. Maxwell’s Equations Maxwells equations give expressions for electric and magnetic fields everywhere in spac