机械英语2.docVIP

机械工程英语第二版 叶邦彦 陈统坚主编 Casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably shaped mold cavity. During or after cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery. 铸造是一种将熔化的金属倒入或注入合适的铸模腔并且在其中固化的制造工艺。在冷却期间或冷却后，把铸件从铸模中取出，然后进行交付。 Casting processes and cast-material technologies vary from simple to highly complex. Material and process selection depends on the part’s complexity and function, the product’s quality specifications, and the projected cost level. 铸造工艺和铸造材料技术从简单到高度复杂变化很大。材料和工艺的选择取决于零件的复杂性和功能、产品的质量要求以及成本预算水平。 Castings are parts that are made close to their final dimensions by a casting process. With a history dating back 6,000 years, the various casting processes are in a state of continuous refinement and evolution as technological advances are being made. 通过铸造加工，铸件可以做成很接近它们的最终尺寸。回溯6,000年历史，各种各样的铸造工艺就如同科技进步一样处于一个不断改进和发展的状态。 T Sand Casting 砂型铸造 Sand casting is used to make large parts (typically iron, but also bronze, brass, aluminum). Molten metal is poured into a mold cavity formed out of sand (natural or synthetic). 砂型铸造用于制造大型零件(具有代表性是铁，除此之外还有青铜、黄铜和铝)。将熔化的金属倒入由型砂(天然的或人造的)做成铸模腔。 The processes of sand casting are discussed in this section, including patterns, sprues and runners, design considerations, and casting allowance. 本节讨论砂型铸造工艺，包括型模、浇注口、浇道、设计考虑因素及铸造余量。 The cavity in the sand is formed by using a pattern (an approximate duplicate of the real part), which are typically made out of wood, sometimes metal. The cavity is contained in an aggregate housed in a box called the flask. 砂型里的型腔是采用型模(真实零件的近似复制品)构成的，型模一般为木制，有时也用金属制造。型腔整个包含在一个被放入称为砂箱的箱子里的组合体内。 Core is a sand shape inserted into the mold to produce the internal features of the part such as holes or internal passages. Cores are placed in the cavity to form holes of the desired shapes. Core print is the region added to the pattern, core