Evolution of Warfare nrotc进化战争训练团.web.arizona.ppt

The 17th Century and Military Innovations Learning Objectives Know and discuss the continuing religious strife which led to the Thirty Years’ War, and the total nature of such ideological struggles Know and describe the Thirty Years’ War from the standpoint of Gustavus’ strategy and tactics Know and review the military innovations introduced by Gustavus Adolphus Learning Objectives Know and describe the growth of defensive fortifications during the reign of Louis XIV Know and recall the development of the law of nations in reaction to the unlimited warfare of the Thirty Years’ war Relate / apply the development of Cromwell’s New Model Army to the changes in civil-military relationships in 17th century England Reading Assignment Jones pp. 221-266 P,R,W pp. Social Diversities Italy still city states France, Germany, Portugal, Holland evolving into pure monarchies Results Powerful kings Power to tax Power to raise armies Centralized control Sea power shifts world’s wealth Conflict 1494 – King Charles VII of France invaded Italy 1519 – King Charles VIII had alienated Austria (Northern Italy Claims) and Spain (Naples Claims) 15th vs.. 16th 15th Century – limited armies fighting limited battles throughout Europe 16th Century – Europe at war Charles wanted to unite Europe under one church Gunpowder was major question Gunpowder Had potential, but was cumbersome and inaccurate Pike only could stop infantry Most preferred the arquebus, but a mix was needed Video –9min Wheellock Consalvo de Cordova Massed pikes and harquebus on flanks Countermarching Spanish square Cavalry shock charges stopped by Swiss pikes Mid 16th Century Religious wars broke out all over Europe Machiavellian thoughts led to ruthless and unlimited destruction Citizen-soldiers fought for cause of God Mercenaries then filled in ranks End of 16th Century First Muskets (50 – 100 yd accuracy) Two rounds every 3 minutes Artillery improvements Cavalry comeback Switch from lance to pistol sw