Evolutionary Graph Theory National University of 演化图理论国立大学.pptVIP

Evolutionary Graph Theory Uses of graphical framework Graph can represent relationships in a social network of humans E.g. “Six degrees of separation” It can also analyze the effect of population structure on evolutionary dynamics… The Basic Idea Vertices – individuals in a population Edge – competitive interaction wij = Probability that an offspring of i replaces j Edge can go both directions and so describes a digraph The Basic Idea Moran Process Consider a homogeneous population of size N consisting of residents (white) and mutants (black). Moran Process At each time step, choose an individual for reproduction with a probability proportional to its fitness Here, a resident is selected for reproduction Moran Process A randomly chosen individual is eliminated Here, a mutant is selected for death Moran Process The offspring replaces the eliminated individual. Why Moran Process? Represents the simplest possible stochastic model to study selection in a finite population Where 2 individuals are chosen at each time step One for reproduction one for elimination Offspring of first replaces the second Total population size, N, is strictly constant Moran Process Represented by a complete graph with identical weights An unstructured population is given by a complete graph: an edge btw any 2 vertices Evolutionary process is equivalent to the Moran process Moran Process Fixation probability: probability that a mutant invading a population of N -1 residents will produce a lineage that takes over the whole population Fixation probability α evolution rate Suppose all resident individuals are identical and one new mutant is introduced new mutant has relative fitness r, as compared to the residents, whose fitness is 1 Fixation probability of the mutant is then given by: R = (1-1/r)/(1-1/rN) Evolutionary Suppressors Line Burst The line Suppose N individuals are arranged in a linear chain: Each individual places its offspring into the position immediately to its right