网络前面是网格.ppt

第七章 用户界面 龚 斌 山东大学计算机科学与技术学院 山东省高性能计算中心 网格应用的特点 黏合性：异构平台，异构OS 动态性 平台的独立性 应用的伸缩性 自我管理性 网格应用的模式 网格作业方式 网格服务方式 网格请求方式 资源使用的市场模型 Economic-based Distributed Resource Management and Scheduling for Grid Computing Rajkumar Buyya, Ph.D Thesis，2002 /ecogrid/ GRid Architecture for Computational Economy (GRACE) Economic Models for Resource Trading Commodity Market Model 商品市场模型 Posted Prices Models 标价模型 Bargaining Model 议价模型 Tendering (Contract Net) Model 合同网模型 Auction Model 拍卖模型 English, first-price sealed-bid, second-price sealded-bid (Vickrey), and Dutch. Proportional Resource Sharing Model 均衡资源共享模型 Shareholder Model 股东模型 Partnership Model 合伙模型 Grid Architecture for Computational Economy Economy Grid = Globus + GRACE GRACE components A resource broker (e.g., Nimrod/G) Resource trading protocols A mediator for negotiating between users and grid service providers (Grid Market Directory) A deal template for specifying resource requirements and services offers A trade server A pricing policy specification Accounting (e.g., QBank) and payment management (GBank) Grid Open Trading Protocols Open Trading Finite State Machine Pricing, Accounting, Allocations and Job Scheduling Flow @ each site/Grid Level Service Items to be Charged CPU - User and System time Memory: maximum resident set size - page size amount of memory used page faults: with/without physical I/O Storage: size, r/w/block IO operations Network: msgs sent/received Signals received, context switches Software and Libraries accessed Data Sources (e.g. Protein Data Bank) How to decide Price ? Fixed price model (like today’s Internet) Dynamic/Demand and Supply (like tomorrow’s Internet) Usage Period Loyalty of Customers (like Airlines favoring frequent flyers!) Historical data Advance Agreement (high discount for corporations) Usage Timing (peak, off-peak, lunch time) Calendar based (holiday/vacation period) Bulk Purchase (register 100 .com domains at once!) Voting -- trade unions decide pricing structure