北京联大专升本英语专业考试[语法篇]资料.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。　　He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.　他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 二） 独立主格结构的特点：　1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。　2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，介词短语等是主谓关系。　3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 定语从句 结构 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。 被修饰的名词词组或代词 关系代词或关系副词 关系代词（主语、宾语、定语）1）who, whom, that　 He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.2) Whose　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　  3）which, that　I called Mr. Smith at his office this morning, but the voice which answered the phone was not his.　　 关系副词（表示时间、地点或理由，在从句中作状语。 when, where, why =介词+ which The name of the castle came from the time when (=at which) it was dominated by a duke. They live in a developing area where (=in which) the only means of transport is by river. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?　 从句使用关系代词，还是关系副词？ 从句用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。 　 Is this the museum that you visited a few days ago? 　 Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? The village where I was born and grew up is quite far from here. He regretted the days that he wasted in the woods and when he should have studied. The name originated from the days when this house belonged to the local policeman. 1. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉主句意思往往不明确； 非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也 不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开， This is the house which we bought last month.　　　 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 2. 非限制性定语从句可做插入语，例如：　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 　　　 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　　　　 3. 非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句。这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：We had to sleep in our wet clothes, which was most uncomfortable. 注：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 there be 句型 不定代词作先行词时（anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few