砒砂岩分布及其治理.docVIP

砒砂岩分布及其治理 吴永红 金剑 慕志龙 云殿智 (黄委会西峰水土保持科学试验站，甘肃 庆阳 745000)充分发挥生态系统的自我修复功能Defining and Its treatments Wu Yonghong Jin Jian Mu Zhilong Yun Dianzhi (Xifeng Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Station under Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee, 745000, Qingyang, Gansu) Abstract: Take the tm remote sensing data as the main information source, with the supportting of geographic information system, by the meathod of computer assistanted artificial translation, we defined the bordline of the soft rock which mainly takes Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia contiguous area as its distribution center, and divided it into such three types areas as the exposed area, the loess covered area and the sand covered area. The distributive scope and the area size of each type have been determined. By inveresting biological and engineering measures for soil erosion in soft rock area, this paper gives some advices and general ideas on vegetation construction and comprehensive treatment in these areas, under the premise of large area closing treatment and the ecological recovering of ecosystem, takes seabuckthorn as the breakthrough for biological treatment, Chinese pine, ningtiao can be planted on places with good site condition. Mixed forestation is the most suitable forestation structure. For engineering measures, we should consider seabuckthorn vegetation flexible dam technology, take large and medium-sized dams as its framework, silt dams as it principal part, contruct branch dam system, in order to deposit coarse silt and exclude fine silt, and reform the runoff and sediment condition and sediment composition in lower reaches of the yellow river. Key words: soft rock board line distribution type remote sensing 1 前言 在黄河流域的晋陕蒙接壤地区，分布着被当地人俗称为“砒砂岩”的松散岩层，它具体指古生代二叠纪、中生代三叠纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪的厚层砂岩、砂页岩和泥质砂岩组成的岩石互层。该地层为陆相碎屑岩系，由于其上覆岩层厚度小、压力低，造成其成岩程度低、沙粒间胶结程度差、结构强度低。它无水坚硬如石，遇水则松软如烂泥。由于这种岩层自身物理、化学性质和当地特殊的自然、人文环境，使得该岩层极易发生风化剥蚀，群众深受其水土流失危害，视其危害毒如砒霜，故称其为“砒砂岩”。 砒砂岩区土壤侵蚀模数高达3～4万ｔ/km2.ａ，多年平均输沙量