6成语的翻译专用课件.ppt

第六讲 成语的翻译 成语背后的故事 Give a lick and a promise敷衍搪塞 英国民间传说。至少两个世纪以前有一只猫，它的脸常常脏的很，每当别的猫要它洗脸时，它就用舌头很快添一下，然后说保证下次一定添干净，但实际上总是敷衍了事。如：you didn’t wash your hands; you just gave them a lick and a promise. Bury the hatchet偃旗息鼓 埋下斧子。北美殖民时期，英国殖民者残忍地屠杀印第安人，有的印第安人被放在柴堆上活活烧死，殖民者甚至剥下死难者的头皮，谁剥的多，谁的功劳大。他们有时为了欺骗和麻痹印第安人，也会和某个部落讲和。在和谈仪式上，印第安人会把斧头埋在地下作为休战的表示。例：they had been enemies for ages, but after a fight they buried the hatchet. Backstairs influence暗中势力，幕后人物 例：he met the congressmen in secret to exert backstairs influence. 汉语中的成语 以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于1万，在政论、文艺、科技等文体中被广泛使用，起着极其重要的作用。因此恰当处理汉语成语的翻译就是一个十分重要的问题。不能忽视。但像“胸有成竹”一样，多数都无法可以直接翻译成英文的对等：have a bamboo in one’s stomach To have a well-thought-out plan before doing something; to have a card up one’s sleeve 哪些可以直接翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义？这取决于汉语成语的字面意义和比喻形象能否被西方读者所接受。例： 你是知道的，咱们家所有的这些管家奶奶们，那一位是好缠的？借一点他们就笑话打趣，偏一点他们就指桑说槐的抱怨。（《红楼梦》第16回） And you know how difficult our old stewardesses are, laughing at the least mistake and “accusing the elm while pointing at the mulberry tree” if one shows the least bias. (Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) And you know what a difficult lot those old stewardesses are. The tiniest mistake and they are all laughing at you and making fun; the tiniest hint of favouritism and they are grumbling and complaining. You know their way of “cursing the oak-tree when they mean the ash”. (David Hawks) 1可以直译的成语 字面直译并不损害意思的传达。 兔死狐悲 直译：foxes will grieve at the death of the hare. 意译：all things are sorry for their own kind. 获曰：兔死狐悲，物伤其类，吾与汝皆是各洞之主，往日无怨，何故害我。（《三国演义》） When the hare dies the fox mourns, said Meng Huo, One sympathises with one’s own as a rule. We are both chiefs and have been friends. I know not why you injure me? 引狼入室 直译：to bring the wolves into the house 意译：to invite disasters 是些什么人呢？干这引狼入室的勾当。《子夜》 Whoever they are, they are letting the wolf into the fold. 调虎离山 直译：to lure the tiger out of the hills 意译：to lure the enemy from his base 我中了他的调虎离山计了。《林海雪原》 I’ve fallen for his luring out of the hills scheme. 狐假虎威 直译：a fox borrowing a tiger