From passage to Text专用课件.pptVIP

From passage to text Text are not written in a vacuum. Like language, literature pre-exist its practitioners. Writers are born into a certain culture at a certain time. They inherit that culture’s language, its literary traditions, its material and conceptual characteristic—in a word, its “universe of discourse”—and its standards. CHARLES DICKENS Charles Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870), pen-name Boz, was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era and one of the most popular of all time. He created some of literatures most memorable characters. His novels and short stories have never gone out of print. A concern with what he saw as the pressing need for social reform is a theme that runs throughout his work. ? 写作背景 ? 雾都孤儿产生于英国维多利亚时期，是英国历史上最光辉灿烂的时段。初期，英国面临着飞速的经济发展及严重的社会问题。大工业革命高潮迭起,各种科技发明与技术创新为国家经济带来新生力量。但在这繁荣与财富下掩盖的是工人阶级的贫困与不幸,为了谋生连妇女和儿童都要受雇到艰险肮脏的工厂矿山去卖苦力。狄更斯广泛描写了19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活，揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶。 ? ? Oliver Twist is Charles Dickens’s second novel and also is the first novel in the English language to centre throughout on a child protagonist and is also notable for Dickenss unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives. Oliver is wondering whether he should go to London. Oliver finally decides to run away. He wanders aimlessly for a time, until a well-placed milestone sets his wandering feet towards London. When Oliver is punched and beated some kindhearted person help and protect him. Please, sir, I want some more . The evening arrived; the boys took their places. The master, in his cooks uniform, stationed himself at the copper; his pauper assistants ranged themselves behind him; the gruel was served out; and a long grace was said over the short commons. The gruel disappeared; the boys whispered each other, and winked at Oliver; while his next neighbors nudged him. Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger, and reckless with misery. He rose from the table; and advancing to the master, basin and spoon in han