PLATO 429-347 BC.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * In Doric temples the columns almost invariably stood directly on the floor, tapering upwards towards the roof. They were composed of a number of superimposed drums, held together by dowels of wood or bronze, and were generally fluted (i.e. cut with concave grooves the length of the column)— examples without grooves are unfinished. The flutes were possibly meant to imitate the grooves made by a convex-bladed adze used to trim the original logs, although this type of decoration has a long, long pedigree in Egypt.? http://www.odysseyadventures.ca/articles/greektemple/greek_temple.htm * * Wild Angelica /wiki/File:Illustration_Angelica_silvestris0.jpg Ionic column and the frond of bracken (pteridium aquilinum) 蕨菜 愛奧尼亞式﹝Ionic order﹞的柱頭 利用黃金分割比例連續製作愈來愈大的正方形，以弧形連接每一個正方形的對角，可以形成一個螺旋狀的曲線，將這個曲線運用在希臘建築柱頭的設計，就形成愛奧尼亞式﹝ionic order﹞的柱頭。 the ratio of golden mean 黃金比例，又稱黃金比，是一種數學上的比例關係。黃金分割具有嚴格的比例性、藝術性、和諧性，蘊藏著豐富的美學價值。應用時一般取0.618或1.618 。 黃金分割早存在於大自然中，呈現於不少動物和植物外觀。現今很多工業產品、電子產品、建築物或藝術品均普遍應用黃金分割，呈現其功能性與美觀性。 古典的理想 接著說到 Classical Ideal古典的理想。孕育希臘古典主義的社會及歷史背景是一個充滿衝突和爭戰的時代。如果我們把歷史背景與文化創造的作品比較起來，會發現它們是矛盾的─希臘古典主義的理想非常好，但是希臘人在現實上都做不到，因此將理想表現再文學和藝術上。實際上混亂的時代的人就容易認同這種合諧以及規律的理想。 古典理想(Classical Ideal)的特色就是balance和order。 Martin, Thomas R. Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times. New Haven: Yale UP, 1996. Public revenues Athens received substantial public revenues form harbor fees, sales taxes, and the tribute of the allies. Buildings paid for by public funds from these sources constituted the most conspicuous architecture in the city of the Classical period of the fifth and fourth centuries. Agora and council The scale of these public buildings was usually no greater than the size required to fulfill their function, such as the complex of buildings on the agora’s western edge in which the council of five hundred held its meetings and the public archives were kept. The Acropolis 447 BCE S