2014届高三英语专题复习学案：名词性从句.docVIP

一、名词性从句的概念、功能与结构 ⑴概念与功能 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句，因为这四种从句从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此它们被称为名词性从句。 ⑵结构 名词性从句主要有三种结构：①that + clause ②whether/if + clause ③连接代词（who、whom、whose、what、which）/ 连接副词（when、where、how、why）+ clause 另外，wh-ever (whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever) 也可引导主语从句和宾语从句；as if / as though、because也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表： 引导词[来源:学。科。网][来源:学.科.网] 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句[来源:学科网ZXXK] 作动词宾语 作介词宾语 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 whether/if 句首只用whether 用whether/if，但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 连接代词/连接副词 都可用，但要注意用陈述句语序 wh-ever wh-ever wh-ever wh-ever \ \ as if / as though \ \ \ as if / as though \ 二、宾语从句 三、主语从句 ⑴概念 — 作主语的句子叫主语从句。 ⑵引导词 ①that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见以下三种结构：It + be + adj. (obvious、true、natural、etc)+ that-clause / It + be + n.（a pity、no wonder、an honour、etc）+ that-clause / It + be + done （said、expected、announced、etc）+ that-clause。 如：1.It is certain that he will do well in the exam. 2.It is a pity that he cann’t come. 3.It is reported that the plane has crashed. 注意that在口语和非正式文体中可省略，但当that位于句首时，绝对不能省略。如：That he will help us is good news to us. ②whether/if引导主语从句时，句首只能用whether；但当句子结构为It + be + adj. / + n.+ 引导词时，whether/if都可代替引导词。如：1.Whether we will have a holiday is still a question. 2.It is still a question whether/if we will have a holiday. 3.It is doubtful whether/if he will come. ③连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句时，既可放在句首也可用it作形式主语将其放在句末。如：1.Which kind of food is the best is still not certain. 2.It makes no difference where we will have the meeting. ④wh（连接代词）-ever引导主语从句，如：1.Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 2.Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 四、表语从句 ⑴概念 — 作表语的句子叫表语从句。 ⑵引导词 ①that引导表语从句时不可以省略，如：My idea is that we go there tomorrow. ②表语从句只能用whether引导，如：The problem is whether the the work can be finished on time. ③连接代词或连接副词都可以引导从句作表语，如：1.My question is where we should go. 2. My question is what we should do next. ④as if / as though和because也可以引导从句作表语，如：1.It looks as if it is going to rain. 2. That’s because he didn’t work hard enough.注意：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason