Unit 2-1翻译专用课件.ppt

标准：总体、主观 等级划分：A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D, F 符号 保留/上交 错误类型： 理解错误：一词多义、熟词生义、望文生义 语法结构、文化背景、逻辑联系 表达不当：用词不当、语句不顺、欧化严重 归化和异化domestication and foreignization 美国学者L.?Venuti (1995) 德国学者Schleiermacher? (1813 ) 一种是让读者靠近作者，另一种是让作者靠近读者。 如果让读者靠近作者的语境，他就能感受到异国的情调 。 归化 (domesticating?translation) 把一种文化中的异质成分转化为另一种文化中人们所熟知的内容。也就是说，用译语文化来替代源语文化的内容。归化译法有助于译语文化的读者理解，但是它在某种程度上牺牲了源语文化所附载的信息。 严复、林纾、梁启超 傅雷的‘神似’论、钱钟书的‘化境’说 奈达（Nida） 异化 (foreignizing?translation)把一种文化及语言中的信息以近乎保持其本来面目的方式传递给另一种文化及语言。它赋予译语全新的语言成分与新颖别致的表达方式，这种译法有利于两种异质文化和语言的相互交流和渗透，推进它们的相互融合 韦努蒂（L. Venuti） 鲁迅（1984:301）先生所称的“洋气”，“保存原作风姿” 刘重德（1998）的“欧化” 刘英凯（1994）指出归化翻译的一些失误 孙致礼（2002）认为21世纪中国的文学翻译将由归化走向异化，异化翻译将成为21世纪的主流 归化的例子：(assimilation) Homer sometimes nods. 智着千虑，必有一失 Take French leave 不辞而别 It was another one of those Catch-22 situations. You’re damned if you do and you’re damned if you don’t. 这真是又一个左右为难的尴尬局面，做也倒霉，不做也倒霉。 异化的例子 Money is time. 时间就是金钱 倾国倾城：Her beauty was such as to overthrow cities and ruin States. Crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 Silicon valley 硅谷 Hot dog 热狗 Olive-branch 橄榄枝 * * 单句练习： He wrestled with the crossword clue for ages before light finally dawned. The workers and the employers look at difficulties in quite a different light. They quickly lighted Kerosene flares to signal the SOS. This veteran of two world wars traveled light through life and left little behind. 段落练习： Problem with Educational System There are 39 universities and colleges offering degree courses in Geography, but I have never seen any good jobs for Geography graduates advertised. Or am I alone in suspecting that they will return to teach Geography to another set of students, who in turn will teach more Geography undergraduates? Only ten universities currently offer degree courses in Aeronautical Engineering, which perhaps is just as well, in view of the speed with which the aircraft industry has been dispensing with excess personnel. On the other hand, hospital casualty departments throughout t