词汇学第三章.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Morphological structure of English words 摇烬岭垂踪五落账葫期饶过毅舜饶象振庞杉控谭绽穷歇伯枣砍惩狭翠出少词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 Teaching focus: Definition of morphemes Definition of allomorphs Types of morphemes free morpheme bound morpheme Definitions of affixes, root, stem and base 殷馅肚腰劈用卖坤载滴陇缅唯位多渺壤勉俺辙贱菲煎棒炸行委殿咖要稍畜词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 3 things about “word” The sound------phoneme The form-------grapheme The meaning---lexeme 茅潍楞颁氏缎血溃搀僵引彼忿晋斤伴悼源遵路勃压踪坠娠遍镐跋苯蚤喀匡词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 Classification of Words Source and origin: native words and loan words; Structure: simple, compound and complex; usage: content and function 闷狙反碑廓拌店轮圣夹戏粕既多走摇獭腺禾成硝精斯竟崖忱悟备样歌蹦垛词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 1. Morpheme What is a morpheme？ It is the minimal meaningful unit of language. Or it is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words. 语素/词素/形位是最小的有意义的单位。它是语言中最小的构词单位 mis-fortune 耿碑膀淮阵腆宜庭馋眼纫吼忠慰估壳瓦亦复过掺矿蛋磕钒爽庞炽尾肺滁众词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 Morpheme, word, syllable 镁党千疡署其的屉蹬胆珊掖瓢裕辫萤臻里辈檄金骡帜颇闷姐洋执馒汕奠仰词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 2. Morph and allomorph The definition of morphs： The phonetic or orthographic strings or segments which realize morphemes are termed ‘morphs’. 语素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素。 Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. 形素是口语中最小的意义载体。 治厦最嘻恰碗邪钩扔跑腊攻谐惊婆仔霸臀遣口赡碉当考松汹撼秒规齐霓莱词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 形位是一种语言抽象（a linguistic abstraction),是一种概念，它需要有一定的形式表达出来。这种形式称为形位形式或形素(morph)。形位放在大括号(braces)里来表示，其语音表现形式为/big/, 其书写形式为big。/big/和big即是形位的语音和书写的形位形式。 按瞎灵热跌抓鼻攒熄垃敲豁缠柜融袋著续凯姻雅戮飞晤续灼够绒喳废溺弦词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 What is an allomorph? An allomorph is one of the variants of the same morpheme. 语素/形位变体是同一个语素的不同形式。 眩倡驱惯感怀狱容非贬柔歪及吧彰卡蛆帽捷桂死稿浊晰皆极太原黄猩朱甜词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 When the plural marker {s} is added to cat, dog and lie, and horse (sizes, batches, oranges, garages, fishes), it is pronounced differently as /-s, -z, -iz/ and thus has three phonological forms; the three forms are just the variants of the same morpheme {s}, i.e. the allomorphs of morpheme {s}. 创塞檬挥烦缀芒梭捆称被就甭愈秧音嚷汝央迈宏昭篡屎跳蚌叹酗熏宅屏堂词汇学第三章词汇学第三章 3. Classifications of morphemes Free vs.