生物笔记CellStructureandFunction.docxVIP

BIO103 Cell Structure and Function Dr Minyan WANG Office: SA451 Ext: 1662 Email: minyan.wang@xjtlu.edu.cn INDEX Introduction to Cells 2 Membrane structure and functions 3 The Mitochondrion, Ribosome Nucleus 6 Membrane Fusion and Membrane Transport 11 Cell Division and Mitosis 16 Viruses 21 Bacterial structure and physiology 23  Lct1 Outcomes Cell componets, Interact, Key exemplars, Maner cells interact in, Features of pe Introduction to Cells Highly complex and organised Homeostasis 内环境稳定  Lct2 Membrane structure and functions Plasma membrane(or called cell membrane) 8nm thick a dynamic(动态) barrier(界线) selective permeability(渗透) cellular communication cellular identification Components in plasma membrane Phospholipids Carbohydrates Cholesterol胆固醇 - help stabilize the membrane Proteins Phospholipids(PL) Choline 胆碱 Phospholipid Bilayer kink cis-double bond Fluidity of Membranes (~107 times/sec) Temperature affects fluidity Saturated lipid – Viscous Unsaturated lipid – Fluid Membrane Cholesterol Sterols are only present in eukaryotic membranes Amphipathic(两亲的) and readily intercalate(易插入) in PL Up to 1 per phospholipid Both faces Decrease mobility Reduce permeability渗透率 含量Myelin(髓磷脂，神经元外侧的脂质), PMER, mit Forming Lipid Rafts Prevents crystallization(结晶化) of hydrocarbons and phase shifts Membrane Carbohydrates Short and branching 15 sugar units Bonded to lipids or proteins Protect the cell surface from mechanical and chemical damage Membrane Proteins Determine membrane’s specific functions Enzymes, receptors Transport One Evidence for Fluid Mosaic Model 流动镶嵌模型 A special technique: Freeze Fracture Glycoproteins Formed by ER and Golgi Non cytoplasmic 细胞质 not prokaryotes Functions of membrane Proteins Transports Enzymatic activity Signal Transduction Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Attachment to Cytoskeleton ECM *细胞外基质(extracellular matrix, ECM),是由动物细胞合成并分泌到胞外、分布在细胞表面或细胞之间的大分子, 主要是一些多糖和蛋白, 或蛋白聚糖。细胞外基质是动物组织的一部分, 不属于任何细胞。 Membrane Permeability Regulates the fl