翻译上半学期笔记.docVIP

Purpose of the course 1)perceptual rational knowledge (systematically) 2)practical skills The competence of a good translator 1) a good command of source→target/receptor language 2) Cultural background information 3)Professional ethics 4) talents scope of of translation 1) mode ①oral interpretation(on-way/two-way) ② simultaneous (time-saving)（同声传译） consecutive (complete information, correctness) ③machine translation(Internet) 2)material literary translation(works)/practical translation(documentary etc.) 3) language More about Nida’s definition 三原则 1)reproducing the meaning 2)equivalence(essentially) rather than identity(exactly the same) 3) Meaning and style ①Meaning enjoys the priority, sometimes departure from the original style. Denotation direct meaning Connotation emotional associational meaning ②significance of style(stylistic subtleties):particular in poem(诗)/prose(散文) 定义 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the natured equivalent of the source language message first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style Nature of translation (art/science skills) 1) Translation is a language of activity. 2) Translation is a communicative activity. ① communicative purpose(to inform, warn, persuade etc.) contextual factors ② relationship(formality or not) ③ medium 3)…thinking activity Equivalence Full equivalence(n n, n≥1) 1.Lexical Equivalence Practical equivalence(1 n, n≥2 ) Zero equivalence 2.Formal Equivalence: same form same meaning 3. Dynamic Equivalence(动态对等, by Nida)(不追求identical, 但要很大程度上相符) 1) Meaning should be given priority. 2) Some radical departures from the original structure are desirable(必要的). 4. Stylistic Equivalence (like formal or not, spoken or written) Criteria of translation Faithfulness: 信(忠实于原文，closeness in meaning and style)