16 Wear and Lubrication.pptVIP

机械工程专业英语English In Mechanical Engineering Prepared by Xiaoping Pang From College of Mechanical Engineering Chongqing University 16 Wear and Lubrication Wear can be defined as the progressive loss of material from the operating surface of a body occurring as a result of relative motion at the surface. The problem of wear arises wherever there are load and motion between surface, and is therefore important in engineering practice, often being the major types of wear are describe next: 16 Wear and Lubrication Adhesive Wear. When two surfaces are loaded against each other, the whole of the contact load is carried on very small area of the asperity contacts. The real contact pressure at these asperities is very high, and adhesion takes place between them. If a tangential force is applied to the model shown in Fig.16.1, shearing can take place either (a) at the interface or (b) below or above the interface, causing adhesive wear. Because of factors such as strain hardening at the asperity contact, the adhesive bonds often are stronger than the base metals. Thus, during sliding, fracture usually occurs in the weaker or softer component, and a wear fragment is generated. Although this fragment is attached to the harder component (upper surface in Fig. 16. 1c), it eventually becomes detached during further rubbing at the interface and develops into loose wear particle. 16 Wear and Lubrication Abrasive Wear. This type of wear is caused by a hard, rough surface (or a surface containing hard, protruding particles) sliding across another surface. As a result, microchips are produced, thereby leaving grooves or scratched on the softer surface (Fig.16.2). In fact, processes such as filing and grinding act in this manner. The difference is that, in these operations, the process parameters are controlled to produce the desired shapes and surfaces through wear; whereas, abrasive wear generally is unintended and unwanted. Corrosive Wear. Also known as oxidation or chemical