长江流域水系划分与河流分级初步研究.doc

长江流域水系划分与河流分级初步研究 董耀华 汪秀丽 摘要: 将推荐的水系划分与河流分级Horton 法相结合，通过合理选取最小河流(流域) 单元、科学制作河流树状图表，初步研究了长江流域(不含太湖水系) 的河流分级。研究结果显示: ①推荐将长江水系划分为干流水系与雅砻江、岷江、嘉陵江、乌江、洞庭湖、汉江、鄱阳湖、太湖8 个支流水系; ② 581 条河流基本特性资料的收集、整理与分析表明长江流域河流的河长与流域面积约为0．5次方关系，选取流域面积不小于2 000 km2或河长不小于100 km的河流为最小河流(流域) 单元，确定长江流域(不含太湖水系) 河流总数为374 条; ③以岷江水系为例，精心制作了长江流域各水系的河流树状图表，树状图显示了河流隶属关系、分级数、河长、流域面积等特性; ④长江流域(不含太湖水系) 最高河流分级数为6 级。按河流统计: 6 级1 条(0．3%)，5级3条(0．8%)，4级6 条(1．6%)，3级14 条(3．7%)，2级71 条(19．0%)，1级279 条(74．6%); 按水系统计: 岷江、嘉陵江、鄱阳湖为5 级，干流、雅砻江、洞庭湖、汉江为4 级，乌江为3 级。 关键词: 长江; 水系划分; 河流分级; Horton 法; 最小河流(流域) 单元; 河流树状图表 中图分类号: TV212 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1001-5485(2013) 10-0001-05 Preliminary Research on Watershed Division and Stream Order Classification of the Yangtze River DONG Yao-hua1，WANG Xiu-li2 Abstract: According to the recommended watershed division and by means of the Horton method，we preliminarily researched the stream order classification of the Yangtze River (exclusive of the Taihu Lake watershed sub-basin) by properly choosing the minimum stream．Tree diagrams and tables were obtained．Results show that: (1) The Yangtze River is recommended to be divided into main channel watershed basin and 8 tributary watershed sub-basins inclusive of Yalong River，Minjiang River，Jialing River，Wujiang River，Dongting Lake，Hanjiang River，Poyang Lake and Taihu Lake．(2) Statistic and regressive analysis of 581 streams of the Yangtze River shows that stream length is about 0．5 power related to watershed area．Streams with watershed area no less than 2 000km2 or stream length no shorter than 100km are selected as the minimum stream．Thereupon based on the minimum stream，the total number of streams of the Yangtze River is determined to be 374．(3) With Minjiang River watershed sub-basin as an example，tree diagrams and tables of streams for all watershed sub-basins of the Yangtze River are elaborately fabricated．The diagrams and tables illustrate the basic information such as river kinship and affiliation，stream order，basin area，and river length．(4) The