微弱信号检测技术的研究.docVIP

编号 微弱信号检测技术的研究 Research on Weak Signal Detection Technology 学 生 姓 名 专 业 学 号 学 院 年 月 日  摘 要 在自然现象和规律的科学研究和工程实践中,经常会遇到需要检测毫微伏量级微弱信号的问题,比如测定地震的波形和波速、材料分析时测量荧光光强、卫星信号的接收、红外探测以及物电信号测量等, 这些问题都归结为噪声中微弱信号的检测。在物理、化学、生物医学、遥感和材料学等领域有广泛应用。微弱信号检测技术是采用电子学、信息论、计算机和物理学方法,分析噪声产生的原因和规律,研究被测信号的特点和相关性, 检测被噪声淹没的微弱有用信号。微弱信号检测的宗旨是研究如何从强噪声中提取有用信号,任务是研究微弱信号检测的理论、探索新方法和新技术, 从而将其应用于各个学科领域当中。 本文对弱信号的定义和弱信号的应用范围进行了概述,综述了微弱信号检测理论研究和实际应用领域的发展情况,重点比较了目前在微弱信号检测技术中应用的方法:相关检测、锁相放大器微弱信号检测、取样积分法、基于小波分析的微弱信号检测、基于混沌振子的微弱信号检测,最后总结了各个方法的特点。 关键字 ：微弱信号 检测 噪声 锁相放大器 ABSTRACT In the natural phenomenon and law of scientific research and engineering practice, often be expected to test baekho microvolts middleweight weak signal issues, such as determination of earthquake wave and wave velocity, material analysis when measuring fluorescent light intensity, satellite signals, infrared detection and signal measurement of things, these problems boil down to a weak signal in the noise of the test. In the physical, chemical, biological medicine, remote sensing and material science and other fields have a widely used. Weak signal detection technology is the electronics, information theory, computer and physics method, analyzes the reasons of the noise and to study the laws of the measured signal characteristics and correlation, detection was submerged in the faint noise useful signal. The aim of the weak signal detection is studying how strong noise from the extract useful signal, the task is to study the theory of weak signal detection, explore new methods and new technology, and its application in the field of each subject. The definition of the weak signal and the application range of the weak signal were reviewed in this paper, the weak signal detection in theoretical research and practical application of the field development situation, t