对比度增强案例.ppt

* * original Desired histogram After Histogram Matching (Specification) Example - Application We wish to check if a circuit board (image 1) matches the template (image 2) from which it was manufactured. Any defects? 1 - Manufactured 2 - Template Compute difference image (defined later), threshold by setting pixels with non-zero absolute difference to 1 and all other pixels to 0: Example - Application What if the overall brightness of image 1 is different from that of image 2? 1 - Manufactured 2 - Template Difference image is white everywhere because there is a difference in the brightness of all pixels. One solution would be to match the histograms of the two images and then do the subtraction. 试写出把灰度范围 [0，50] 压缩成[0，10]，把范围 [50，200] 扩张为 [10，245]，并把范围 [200，255] 压缩成 [245，255] 的变换方程。 画出经过下面二次灰度变换的等效灰度变换曲线。 习题： 255 255 g(x,y) f(x,y) 255 255 h(x,y) g(x,y) 给出一幅4bit 的图象，作出个灰度级出现的频数与灰度级的对应关系—直方图。 习题： 已知一幅图象如下所示，即半边为深灰色，灰度等级为1/7，另半边为黑色，灰度级为0。假定 [0，1] 划分为8个灰度级，试对此图象进行直方图均衡化处理，并描述一下均衡化后的图象是一幅什么样的图象。 习题： 实 例 Terms Image enhancement:图象增强 Image quality:图象质量 Algorithm: 算法 Globe operation: 全局运算 Local operation: 局部运算 Point operation: 点运算 Spatial: 空间的 Spatial domain:空间域 Spatial coordinate:空间坐标 Terms Linear: 线性 Nonlinear: 非线性 Frequency: 频率 Frequency variable: 频率变量 Frequency domain: 频域 Fourier transform: 傅立叶变换 One-dimensional Fourier transform: 一维傅立叶变换 Terms Two-dimensional Fourier transform: 二维傅立叶变换 Discrete Fourier transform(DFT): 离散傅立叶变换 Fast Fourier transform(FFT): 快速傅立叶变换 Inverse Fourier transform: 傅立叶反变换 Contrast enhancement: 对比度增强 Contrast stretching: 对比度扩展 Terms Gray-scale transformation(GST): 灰度变换 Logarithm transformation: 对数变换 Exponential transformation: 指数变换 Threshold: 阈值 Thresholding: 二值化、门限化 False contour: 假轮廓 Terms Histogram: 直方图 Multivariable histogram: 多变量直方图 Histogram modification: 直方图调整、直方图修改 Histogram equalization: 直方图均衡化 Histogram specification: 直方图规定化 Histogram matching: 直方图匹配 Terms Histogram thresholing: 直方图门限化 Probability density function(PDF): 概率密度函数 Cum