Chap_21高深的论题(经济学原理,曼昆,中英文双语).ppt

The Theory of Consumer Choice消费者选择理论 Chapter 21 The theory of consumer choice addresses the following questions: Do all demand curves slope downward? How do wages affect labor supply? How do interest rates affect household saving? Do the poor prefer to receive cash or in-kind transfers? 消费者选择理论回答以下问题: 所有需求曲线都是向右下方倾斜吗? 工资如何影响劳动供给? 利率如何影响家庭储蓄? 穷人偏好得到现金还是实物转移支付? THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT: WHAT THE CONSUMER CAN AFFORD The budget constraint depicts the consumption “bundles” that a consumer can afford. People consume less than they desire because their spending is constrained, or limited, by their income. 预算约束：消费者买得起什么 预算约束线—— 对消费者可以承受的消费组合的限制。 人们之所以消费的比他们愿意的少是因为他们受到收入的限制。 THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT: WHAT THE CONSUMER CAN AFFORD预算约束：消费者买得起什么 The budget constraint shows the various combinations of goods the consumer can afford given his or her income and the prices of the two goods. 预算约束线表示给定收入和两种商品的价格，消费者所能买得起的消费组合。 The Consumer’s Budget Constraint 消费者的预算约束 THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT: WHAT THE CONSUMER CAN AFFORD The Consumer’s Budget Constraint Any point on the budget constraint line indicates the consumer’s combination or tradeoff between two goods. For example, if the consumer buys no pizzas, he can afford 500 pints of Pepsi (point B). If he buys no Pepsi, he can afford 100 pizzas (point A). 预算约束：消费者买得起什么 消费者的预算约束线 预算约束线上任何一点表示了消费者的消费组合或者两种商品之间的权衡取舍。 例如，如果消费者不买比萨饼他就可以购买500品脱的百事可乐（B点）。 如果他不买百事可乐，他就可以购买100个比萨饼（A点）。 Figure 1 The Consumer’s Budget Constraint 图1. 消费者的预算约束线 THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT: WHAT THE CONSUMER CAN AFFORD预算约束：消费者买得起什么 The Consumer’s Budget Constraint 消费者的预算约束线 Alternately, the consumer can buy 50 pizzas and 250 pints of Pepsi. 消费者也可以购买50个比萨饼和250品脱百事可乐。 Figure 1 The Consumer’s Budget Constraint 图1. 消费者的预算约束线 THE BUDGET CONSTRAINT: WHAT THE CONSUMER CAN AFFORD The slope of the budget constraint line equals the relative price of the two goods, that is, the price of one good compared to the price of the other. It measures the rate at which the consumer w