机械专业英语董建国第9章案例.ppt

Unit 9 TEXT READING MATERIAL Unit 9 TEXT Machine Tools Machine tools are machines for cutting metals. The most important of machine tools used in industry are lathes, drilling machines and milling machines. Other kinds of metal working machines are not so widely used in machining metals as these three. The lathe is commonly called the father of the entire machine tool family. For turning operations, the lathe uses a single point cutting tool, which removes metal as it travels past the revolving work-piece. Turning operations are required to make many different cylindrical shapes, such as axes, gear blanks, pulleys, and threaded shafts. Boring operations are performed to enlarge, finish, and accurately locate holes. Drilling is performed with a rotating tool called a drill. Most drilling in metal is done with a twist drill. The machine used for drilling is called a drill press. Operations, such as reaming and tapping, are also classified as drilling. Reaming consists of removing a small amount of metal from a hole already drilled. Tapping is the process of cutting a thread inside a hole so that a cap screw or bolt may be threaded into it. Milling removes metal with a revolving, multiple cutting edge tools called milling cutter. Milling cutters are made in many styles and sizes. Some have as few as two cutting edges and others have 30 or more. Milling can produce flat, angled surfaces, groves, slots, gear teeth, and other profiles, depending on the shape of the cutters being used. 　Shaping and planing produce flat surfaces with a single point cutting tool. In shaping, the cutting tool on a shaper reciprocates or moves back and forth while the work is fed automatically towards the tool. In planing, the work-piece is attached to a worktable that reciprocates past the cutting tool. The cutting tool is automatically fed into the work-piece a small amount on each stroke. 　 Grinding makes use of abrasive particles to do the cutting. Grinding o