大学英语语法精讲【、考点全涵盖】解说.doc

语法部分 第一讲 虚拟语气 I. 考点分析： 虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考察历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题，有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有： 1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主句、从句所使用的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。 动词形式 类型 虚拟时间 从句动词 主句动词 if条件句 现在 过去式 would/should/might/could+动词原形 过去 had+过去分词 would/should/might/could+ have +过去分词 将来 should/were to/ 过去式 would/should/might/could+ 动词原形 wish引导的宾从 现在 过去式 过去 had+过去分词/ could have done 将来 would/could/ might+动词原形 as if/though方式状语从句 同wish 其它动词引导的宾从 (should)+动词原形 主语从句 (should)+动词原形 表语从句 (should)+动词原形 同位语从句 (should)+动词原形 if only 同if条件句 lest, for fear that, in case should+动词原形 would rather /sooner that 现在/将来 过去式 过去 had+过去分词 It is high/about time that 过去式 2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。 例如：If I were invited, I would come. If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things. 3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if, 把它们前置。 例如： Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad. Could I do it, I would surely do it. Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办？） 4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时） 又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)；If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来)； If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在) 5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如： I would have written the paper before, but I have been ill.(=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.); A true friend would have acted differently. (=A friend, if he had been true, would have acted differently.) 6. 注意介词短语 without, but for, in the absence等表示虚拟条件。 例如：Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.没有电就不会有现代工业。 But for your cooperation, we could not hav