BIRTHRATE【DOC精选】.doc

BIRTHRATEDEATHRATEDEMOGRAPHERIMMIGRANTINFRASTRUCTURE thiê?t bi? c? ba?n c?? ?i?nh cu?a m??t n???c (????ng sa?, ????ng s??t, nha? ga, hê? th??ng cung ca?p ?iê?n va? n???c...); c? s?? ha? ta?ng LIFEEXPECTANCYMIGRATIONPOPDISTRIBUTIONPOPULATIONRURALAREAURBANAREA Age-Sex Pyramid (Population Pyramid): a series of horizontal bars that illustrate the structure of a population. The horizontal bars represent different age categories, which are placed on either side of a central vertical axis. Males are to the left of the axis, females to the right. Ageing Population: In the population structure of many MEDCs there is often a high proportion of elderly people who have survived due to advances in nutrition and medical care. This creates problems since these people do not work and have to be provided with pensions, medical care, social support, sheltered housing etc. from the taxes paid by a proportionally smaller number of workers. In addition, an increasing number of young people are employed as care workers for the elderly. This removes them from more productive jobs within the economy and harms a countrys competitiveness. Ageing Population Structure: a population pyramid with a narrower shape, broad at the top, found in MEDCs. This reflects their low birth rates and the greater proportion of elderly people. Birth Rate: The number of live births per 1000 people per year. Bulge of Young Male Migrants: on a population pyramid; young males move to urban areas due to push-pull factors. Census: a counting of people by the government every ten years to gather data for planning of schools, hospitals, etc. This is unreliable for a number of reasons. Child Dependency ratio: the number of children in relation to the number of working (economically active) population, usually expressed as a ratio. Concentrated Population Distribution: where people are grouped densely in an urbanised area (see Port, Bridging-Point, Route Centre, Wet Point Site, Market Town, Mining Town, Resort)