安徽省明光英普辅导中心初中英语 知识点复习总结 被动语态.docVIP

被动语态 被动语态的结构 英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，也就是说它们是主动关系，此时动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，也就是说它们是被动关系，此时动词则用被动语态。英语的被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。如： English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。 The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。 After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。 被动语态的五个重要考点 将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题 1. All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home. 　　A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged 　　解析：主语是all the employees(复数) ，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。 2. A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift. 　　A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 　　解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library) 是单 数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。 将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题 —Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York? — I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. 　　A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that 　　C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 　　解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用 “(should+) 动词原形”，排除A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。 将语态与倒装结合起来命题 Only after my friend came ______. 　A. did the computer repaired B. be repaired the computer 　C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired 　　解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用 部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。 将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度 Good care must ______babies, particularly while they are ill. A. take B. take of C. be taken D. be taken of 解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看) 是可知，good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。 在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题 1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______to eat more fruit and vegetables. 　　A. persuade B. will persuade