数据结构讲义.pptxVIP

Chapter 05 Sparse Matrix General List第五章 稀疏数组和广义表Prof. Qing Wang本章学习的线索主要线索重点稀疏矩阵的三元组存储广义表的概念和存储表示 难点 稀疏矩阵的运算（转置、乘法）十字链表存储结构矩阵的压缩存储稀疏矩阵的运算广义表的表示和实现广义表的应用Prof. Q. WangContentDefinition of ArrayRepresentation of Sparse MatrixTypical operations of Sparse MatrixDefinition of General List (Lists)Physical form of General ListApplications of General ListProf. Q. Wang5.1 Generic arrayArray is the extension of the sequential list.User can re-define specific functions to avoid the exceedingly access of the array.Categories1D array2D array3D arrayHigh dimensional arrayProf. Q. Wang1D arrayLOC ( i ) = LOC ( i -1 ) + l =α+ i*lProf. Q. Wang2D arrayRow subscript i, Column subscript jProf. Q. WangMemory address of 2D arrayaa[0][0]a[0][1]a[0][m-1]a[1][0]a[1][m-1]Row-first: LOC ( j, k ) = a + ( j * m + k ) * la[n-1][0]Prof. Q. Wanga[n-1][m-1]3D ArraymnssnmPage subscript i ,Row subscript j , Column subscript kProf. Q. WangjikMemory address of 3D arrayaa[0][0][0]a[0][0][1]a[0][m-1][l-1]a[1][0][0]a[1][m-1][l-1]a[n-1][0][0]Row-first: LOC ( i, j, k ) = a + ( i * n * s + j * s + k ) * lProf. Q. Wanga[n-1][m-1][l-1]Memory address of n-D arrayn-Dimension arrayThe dimensions are m1, m2, m3, …, mn respectively.The element with subscripts (i1, i2, i3, …, in) is in the space： LOC ( i1, i2, …, in ) = a + ( i1*m2*m3*…*mn + i2*m3*m4*…*mn+ + ……+ in-1*mn + in ) * l Prof. Q. Wang5.2 Compact storage of special matrix矩阵是很多科学与工程计算问题中研究的数学对象。在此我们感兴趣的是如何存储矩阵的元从而使矩阵的各种运算等能够有效地进行。压缩存储：在数值分析中经常出现一些阶数很高的矩阵，同时在矩阵中有很多值相同的元素或零元素，为了节省空间，可以为多个值相同的元只分配一个空间，对零元不分配空间。特殊矩阵：值相同的元素或零元素在矩阵中的分布有一定的规律。反之称稀疏矩阵。Symmetric matrixTriangle matrixDiagonal matrixProf. Q. Wang1. Special matrix(1) Symmetric matrix：nxn matrix if aij = aji 1=i, j = n we only need to take the low triangle and diagonal elements into account. As a result, the space for these elements is n(n+1)/2. Suppose we use a 1D array s[0..n(n+1)/2] to save these values, the corresponding address k in 1D array for the element aij is:Prof. Q. Wang0-th rowSymmetr