数据链路层.pptx

WSN数据链路层功能主要有：如何将数据组合成数据块（帧，frame，数据链路层的传送单位）；如何控制帧在物理信道上的传输，包括如何处理传输差错，如何调节发送速率以使与接收方相匹配；以及在两个网络实体之间提供数据链路通路的建立、维持和释放的管理。 数据链路层包含LLC逻辑链路子层和MAC介质访问控制子层两个子层。WSN中的数据链路层研究主要是MAC（Media Access Control）层。Some survey: Demirkol I, Ersoy C, Alagoz F. MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey[J]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2006, 44(4): 115-121.Huang P, Xiao L, Soltani S, et al. The evolution of MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 2013, 15(1): 101-120.Yigitel M A, Incel O D, Ersoy C. QoS-aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey[J]. Computer Networks, 2011, 55(8): 1982-2004.内容提要802.11 MAC协议 WSN MAC竞争型MAC协议 分配型MAC协议也称“非竞争型MAC协议”混合型MAC协议主要参考文献无线信道的广播特性Important: C has not heard A, but can interfere at receiver BCDXABSignalpowerDistance无线信道的广播特性干扰范围传输范围传输范围：可以正确解码干扰范围：可以检测到信号，但无法正确解码干扰距离传输距离，一般干扰距离取2倍的传输距离collisionABCTransmit and prayPlenty of collisions -- poor throughput at high loadcollisionThe Simple FixDon’ttransmitABCTransmit and prayPlenty of collisions -- poor throughput at high loadListen before you talkCarrier sense multiple access (CSMA)Defer transmission when signal on channelCan collisions still occur?预备知识CSMA的基本思想CSMA: Carrier Sensing Multi-Access基本思想：节点在发送数据之前先侦听信道，然后根据信道的“忙”“闲”状态再决定是否进行发送CSMA collisionsspatial layout of nodes Collisions can still occur:Propagation delay non-zero between transmittersWhen collision:Entire packet transmission time wastednote:Role of distance propagation delay in determining collision probabilityCSMA/CD (Collision Detection)当节点侦听到信道空闲时就发送数据，并同时继续侦听信道。若侦听到发生冲突，则立即放弃当前数据的发送.Keep listening to channelWhile transmitting If (Transmitted_Signal != Sensed_Signal) ? Sender knows it’s a Collision ? ABORT2 Observations on CSMA/CDTransmitter can send/listen concurrentlyIf (Transmitted - Sensed = null)? Then successThe signal is identical at Tx and RxNon-dispersiveThe TRANSMITTER can detect if and when collision occursHowever, both observations do not hold