Lecture Two【DOC精选】.doc

Lecture Two Warm-up Part I The Etymological Study of Medical Terms Words from Old English 1. Anatomic words: Ankle – ancleow ank- = “to bend” Back, bladder, blood, chest, ear, eye, foot, gum, hair, hand, knee, lip, liver, lung, neck, organ, throat, tongue. 2. Words denoting concepts ache (v.) acan in old English, meaning “ache, suffer pain”. – aeche in Middle English. Blind, breath, bruise, meaning “crush”. Cold, fever, heal, mind Words originated from Greek During and after the first century B. C., Romans borrowed a lot of Greek words into their own language. Since the Renaissance, many classical Latin and Greek words were introduced into Modern English. The medical terminology has been greatly influenced by Greek. From such words as grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music in early Modern English to the words like acme(极期), anorexia (食欲缺乏,厌食症), colon, coma, diagnosis, dyspeptic, glaucoma (青光眼), metastasis(转移), necrosis, pandemic, paralysis, pneumonia, psychology. Words from Latin The two invasions, the Renaissance and the industrial revolution: Before 450 A.D., the Roman Empire invaders brought Latin into British Island for the first time. The second occurred after William the Conqueror came into the British throne and Norman-French derived from Ancient Latin brought many words into English. English borrowed a lot from Latin once again due to the Renaissance. Certainly, the Industrial Revolution brought about the technological changes in many fields, which inevitably rendered great contributions to the English vocabulary. Abscess, acute, aorta (主动脉), autopsy, bacteria, cell, clinic, cortex, dystrophy, hydrophobia, inflame, medicine, muscle, obstetrics, placebo, panacea, prognosis, tumor. Words from French Migrane (a severe form of headache, usually unilateral) is derived from Latin hemicrania, which was borrowed from Greek hemikrania, from the prefix hemi- and kranion (skull). Hospital, faint, jaundice, doctor, benign, disease, mortuary, emb