2013届毕业论文开题报告模板.docVIP

毕业论文开题报告 （2013届） 中文题目，二号，黑体，加粗，居中 学生姓名 刘学生 学 号 0301090001 系 别 外语系 专业班级 英语0901班 指导教师 刘义 填写日期 2012年11月20日 1. Literature Review 此处为文献综述，介绍国内外学者对该选题的研究情况，即取得了哪些成就，同时还有哪些不足。要求：（1）有述有评，介绍某一学者或学派的主要观点后要对其进行简要评价；（2）条理清晰，逻辑分明，段落与段落之间有承上启下的过渡句；（3）字数为800左右为宜。（红色为说明性文字，删除，下同） “Translation” literally means the process of changing something that is written or spoken into another language. However, translation is not such an easy thing which only deals with the transmission of meaning between different languages. In some cases, the ultra-text elements, such as culture, politics, and tradition of a given society have to be put into consideration during translating. Cultural elements take the lead. In the early 1990s Bassnett and Lefevere (1990) officially put forward the proposition of “cultural turn” in the book Translation, History and Culture. This proposition helps to bring about more studies over translation without the bondage of language or literature. To be more specific, Lefevere (2004:14) Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame writes that “There appears to be a double-control factor that sees to it that the literary system does not fall too far out of step with the other subsystems society consists of”. The two control factors are professionals and patronage which is outside the system. Lefevere also gives a detailed account on patronage. He defined patronage as the factor that “operates mostly outside the literary system” and which is “understood to mean something like the powers that can further or hinder the reading, writing, and rewriting of literature”. (Lefevere, 2004:16) His view on the relationship between translation and patronage is pioneering and makes people believe that translation is not a personal activity; instead, it is inevitably influenced by the cultural elements, in particular, patronage. Inspired by Lefevere, Chinese scholars try to study